TABLE 3.
Tertiles of weight loss change (mean, standard deviation, and their comparison) adjusted for weight and baseline value of the participants on the 17-item questionnaire, physical activity, biomarkers and anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormones.
| First tertile of 6-month weight-loss change | Second tertile of 6-month weight-loss change | Third tertile of 6-month weight-loss change | Global P-value | First tertile of 12-month weight-loss change | Second tertile of 12-month weight-loss change | Third tertile of 12-month weight-loss change | Global P-value | |
| Diet adherence and physical activity | ||||||||
| Mediterranean diet adherence (17-point item score) | 4.93 (3.12) |
3.31* (2.91) | 2.42+ ^ (3.04) | < 0.001 | 4.56 (3.10) |
2.70* (3.18) | 2.34 + ^ (2.98) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET⋅min/week) | 1084.68 (2503.52) | 390.80* (2197.49) | 167.02^ (2356.66) | < 0.001 | 933.72 (2398.89) | 596.32* (1969.18) | 311.94^ (2346.88) | < 0.05 |
| Lipid profile | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | −8.99 (30.57) | −4.73 (36.49) | 1.64^ (28.05) | < 0.05 | −2.52 (32.39) | −3.51 (36.13) | 3.76 (30.54) | 0.414 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 3.34 (8.04) |
0.71* (6.96) | 0.96^ (6.80) | < 0.05 | 3.54* (7.87) | 0.71* (7.12) | −0.73^ (7.11) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | −8.00 (25.82) | −1.21 (30.34) | −1.29^ (22.28) | 0.113 | −1.17 (27.43) | 0.03 (30.99) | 4.05 (25.70) | 0.370 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | −33.70 (61.93) | −14.25* (53.21) | 1.22^ (53.76) | < 0.001 | −27.33 (53.10) | −21.30* (57.28) | −2.96 + ^ (60.50) | < 0.001 |
| Remnant cholesterol (mg/dL) | −5.35 (8.44) | −1.90* (7.54) | 0.33^ (8.05) | < 0.001 | −4.72 (9.12) | −2.59* (8.30) | 0.90 + ^ (8.12) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements | ||||||||
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | −7.71 (13.62) | −4.48* (14.46) | −0.14 + ^ (13.74) | < 0.05 | −7.86 (13.49) | −3.96* (15.40) | −1.18^ (15.50) | < 0.05 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | −5.41 (10.11) | −2.84 (11.21) | −0.21 + ^ (10.89) | < 0.001 | −4.71 (10.98) | −3.39 (11.29) | −0.95 + ^ (10.51) | < 0.05 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | −8.20 (4.24) | −3.88* (3.28) | −1.19 + ^ (2.87) | < 0.001 | −9.32 (4.64) | −4.45* (2.83) | −1.05 + ^ (3.21) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate metabolism | ||||||||
| HOMA | −0.94 (1.25) | −0.38* (2.08) | −0.02^ (1.01) | < 0.001 | −1.02 (1.18) | −0.49* (1.61) | 0.13 + ^ (1.36) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | −10.73 (19.68) | −4.47* (21.84) | 1.20 + ^ (16.96) | < 0.001 | −8.16 (18.06) | −2.87 (31.30) | 3.46^ (21.29) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | −0.44 (0.54) | −0.30 (0.77) | −0.07 + ^ (0.33) | < 0.001 | −0.35 (0.47) | −0.05* (0.48) | 0.06^ (0.57) | < 0.05 |
| Insulin (pg/mL) | −93.90 (134.85) | −30.79* (177.62) | −5.45^ (102.70) | < 0.001 | −108.89 (124.15) | −43.90* (143.14) | 1.47^ (126.86) | < 0.001 |
| Glucagon (pg/mL) | −72.75 (131.53) | −29.64* (106.92) | −7.82^ (112.95) | < 0.001 | −83.56 (126.80) | −30.87* (102.37) | −5.49^ (116.94) | < 0.001 |
| C-peptide (pg/mL) | −207.60 (322.66) | −71.29* (299.50) | −9.15^ (292.38) | < 0.001 | −227.06 (305.38) | −104.96* (303.46) | −26.49^ (313.63) | < 0.001 |
| GLP_1 (pg/mL) | −14.42 (84.28) | −3.39* (99.23) | −7.89 (68.07) | 0.105 | −21.13 (75.58) | −18.21 (88.02) | −12.87^ (111.02) | 0.109 |
| Hormones and inflammation biomarkers | ||||||||
| Ghrelin pg/mL) | −32.28 (205.27) | −21.59 (195.07) | −3.61 (295.65) | 0.653 | −8.91 (225.22) | −20.47 (224.18) | −9.35 (253.85) | 0.966 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | −1549.05 (3235.36) | −724.65* (2355.01) | 22.19^ (2400.70) | < 0.001 | −1789.81 (2299.54) | −1194.54* (2562.08) | 156.79 + ^ (2762.06) | < 0.001 |
| PAI_1 pg/mL) | −484.66 (811.69) | −261.77* (786.25) | −193.61^ (684.39) | < 0.05 | −464.06 (640.85) | −239.00* (718.15) | 31.85 + ^ (735.85) | < 0.001 |
| Resistin (pg/mL) | −142.90 (1542.54) | −183.42 (1322.29) | -−253.10 (1745.68) | 0.588 | −106.24 (1215.95) | −129.09 (1457.42) | −369.27 (1971.13) | 0.710 |
| Visfatin (pg/mL) | −352.27 (702.77) | −227.70 (568.43) | −263.99^ (1780.08) | < 0.001 | −388.93 (627.74) | −226.48* (553.56) | −192.99^ (1765.19) | < 0.001 |
| hs-PCR (mg/dL) | −0.21 (0.72) | −0.42 (2.94) | −0.04 (0.33) | 0.297 | −0.23 (0.65) | −0.01 (0.86) | −0.54 (3.35) | 0.141 |