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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2022 Jan 10;58(3):470–484. doi: 10.1037/dev0001301

Table 3.

Effect Sizesa for the RCT and ISS Samples for Sixth Grade Outcomes

RCT
(N = 2591–2700)		 ISS
(N = 914–965)
ITT TOT ITT TOT
Achievement Tests
 English −.128 −.240 −.091 −.185
 Math −.178 −.333 −.113 −.227
 Science −.132 −.249 −.075 −.156
On Grade −.025 −.047 .063 .125
IEP −.107 −.203 −.135 −.270
School Rules −.119 −.222 −.158 −.316
 Major Offenses −.083 −.157 −.073 −.146
 Any Offenses −.090 −.170 −.140 −.278
a

Effect size: coefficient for the treatment-control difference divided by the pooled standard deviation. Negative signs indicate a less favorable outcome for the treatment group.