Table 3.
T2LOW Cohort at Study Entry: Factors Associated with Those Who Proceeded to Exacerbation and Those Who Did Not
| No Exacerbation (N = 24) | ⩾1 exacerbation during Study (N = 47) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at inclusion, yr | N = 71 | 56.5 (12.5) | 50.7 (12.5) | 0.06 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | N = 71 | 16 (66.7%) | 32 (68.1%) | 0.90 |
| Male | 8 (33.3%) | 15 (31.9%) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | N = 71 | 30.7 (6.4) | 32.4 (6.3) | 0.29 |
| Atopic disease | N = 71 | 17 (70.8%) | 34 (72.3%) | 0.89 |
| Hospital admissions for asthma in last year | N = 71 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.06 |
| A&E visits in last year | N = 71 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.16 |
| GP visits for asthma in the last year | N = 71 | 0.5 (0.0–4.0) | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.050 |
| Rescue courses of oral steroids in the last year | N = 71 | 2.0 (0.0–3.5) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.012 |
| Prior admission for asthma to HDU or ICU | N = 71 | 4 (16.7%) | 19 (40.4%) | 0.043 |
| Number of prior admissions for asthma to HDU or ICU | N = 22 | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.71 |
| Ever been ventilated | N = 22 | 1 (25.0%) | 9 (50.0%) | 0.36 |
| ACQ-7 score | N = 71 | 1.7 (0.8) | 2.4 (1.1) | 0.010 |
| AQLQ total score | N = 69 | 5.0 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.3) | 0.14 |
| FEV1, L | N = 71 | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.8) | 0.47 |
| % predicted FEV1 | N = 71 | 82.7 (19.6) | 74.8 (20.5) | 0.12 |
| FVC, L | N = 71 | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.8) | 0.25 |
| % predicted FVC | N = 71 | 94.3 (17.4) | 86.7 (15.1) | 0.06 |
| FEV1/FVC | N = 71 | 0.69 (0.11) | 0.69 (0.14) | 0.81 |
| PEFR, L/min | N = 70 | 387.8 (136.7) | 380.2 (132.3) | 0.82 |
| Sputum eosinophils, % | N = 24 | 1.0 (0.0–2.8) | 0.3 (0.0–0.8) | 0.35 |
| Sputum neutrophils, % | N = 24 | 60.8 (43.0–83.0) | 72.0 (53.4–87.8) | 0.55 |
| FeNO, ppb | N = 71 | 13 (10–17) | 12 (9–16) | 0.71 |
| Blood eosinophils, 109/L | N = 71 | 0.08 (0.05–0.11) | 0.08 (0.03–0.12) | 0.73 |
| Periostin, ng/mL | N = 70 | 49.1 (14.6) | 44.1 (11.7) | 0.12 |
| OCS user | N = 71 | 8 (33.3%) | 26 (55.3%) | 0.08 |
| OCS dose | N = 34 | 10 (8–13) | 10 (10–12) | 0.63 |
| ICS dose (BDP) | N = 71 | 2208 (655) | 2221 (726) | 0.94 |
| CS study change | ||||
| Reduce | N = 56 | 13 (65.0%) | 20 (55.6%) | 0.24 |
| Maintain | 6 (30.0%) | 8 (22.2%) | ||
| Increase | 1 (5.0%) | 8 (22.2%) | ||
Definition of abbreviations: A&E = accident and emergency; ACQ-7 = Asthma Control Questionnaire-7; AQL = Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; BDP = beclometasone dipropionate equivalent; BMI = body mass index; CS = corticosteroid; FeNO = fractional exhaled nitric oxide; GP = general practitioner; HDU = high dependency unit; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; OCS = oral corticosteroid; PEFR = peak expiratory flow rate; T2 = type 2.
Descriptive statistics are shown as mean (SD), median (interquartile range), or number (%) as appropriate.