Figure 1. The ideas of AI, ML, and DL, as well as their connections, are shown in the figure. (a) AI is used to implement ML and DL, and DL is a technology that is utilized to execute ML. (b) Characteristics and distinctions between ML and DL in terms of feature engineering, processing speed, understandability, and reliance on hardware and data. (c) Machine learning relies on manufactured features that are taken from particular areas using specialized expertise. (d) Without using region annotations, DL employs localization for feature engineering.

AI: artificial intelligence, ML: machine learning, DL: deep Learning.

Open access journal under a CC-BY license contributed by Simon Fong, Qi Zhao, source [2].