Table 5.

Usability evaluation approaches in three stages of the mHealth app usability evaluation framework

Evaluation approach	Three stages of evaluation n (%)
	1 (n = 61)	2 (n = 30)	3 (n = 19)
Heuristic evaluation	14 (23.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Cognitive walkthrough	2 (3.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Performance metrics	19 (31.1)	5 (16.7)	2 (10.5)
Behavioral observation log	10 (16.4)	5 (16.7)	0 (0)
Screen recording	3 (4.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Eye tracking	1 (1.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Concurrent thinking aloud	22 (36.1)	4 (13.3)	0 (0)
Retrospective thinking aloud	1 (1.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Questionnaire	34 (55.7)	22 (73.3)	18 (94.7)
Interview	22 (36.1)	16 (53.3)	3 (15.8)
Feedback log	0 (0)	1 (3.3)	0 (0)