Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics and background medical therapy
| Characteristics | Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy, n=322 | Guangzhou, China, n=328 | Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease, n=4304 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Ramipril versus placebo | Benazepril versus placebo | Dapagliflozin versus placebo |
| Enrollment period | 1994–1995 | 1999–2001 | 2017–2020 |
| Age, yr | 49±14 | 45±15 | 62±12 |
| Women, N (%) | 73 (23) | 162 (49) | 1425 (33) |
| Race, N (%) | |||
| White | 320 (99) | — | 2290 (53) |
| Black | 2 (0.6) | — | 191 (4) |
| Asian | — | 376 (100) | 1467 (34) |
| Other | — | — | 356 (8.3) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 144±18 | 152±25 | 137±17 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 39±18 | 20±9 | 43±12 |
| Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, mg/g | 1499 (774, 2506)a | 1484 (835, 2133)a | 949 (477, 1885) |
| Weight, kg | 72±12 | 60±12 | 82±21 |
| Baseline medications, N (%) | |||
| ACEi/ARB | 160 (50) | 216 (66) | 4174 (97) |
| Diuretics | NA | 181 (55) | 1882 (44) |
| β-blockers | NA | 163 (50) | 1680 (39) |
—, no data; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NA, not available.
a
Estimated.