Table 1.
Methods of measuring adherence.
| Treatment (n = 261, %) | Measurement method | Number of studies using method (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic exercise (n = 107, 41.0) | Self-reported diary | 71 (66.4) |
| Telephone call | 21 (19.6) | |
| Self-developed question(s) | 21 (19.6) | |
| Patient interview | 11 (10.3) | |
| In-person demonstration | 4 (3.7) | |
| Videotaping | 4 (3.7) | |
| Home visit | 3 (2.8) | |
| Verification from family member | 2 (1.9) | |
| Existing questionnaire | 2 (1.9) | |
| SMS message | 1 (0.9) | |
| Biomechanical (n = 38, 14.6) | Self-reported diary | 23 (60.5) |
| Telephone call | 8 (20.1) | |
| Self-developed question(s) | 5 (13.2) | |
| Inspection by researcher | 5 (13.2) | |
| Patient interview | 4 (10.5) | |
| Physical activity (n = 33, 12.6) | Activity tracker (pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor) | 18 (54.5) |
| Self-reported diary | 14 (42.4) | |
| Self-developed question(s) | 8 (24.2) | |
| Existing questionnaire | 4 (12.1) | |
| Telephone call | 4 (12.1) | |
| Patient interview | 1 (2.6) | |
| Supplements (n = 23, 8.8) | Pill count | 20 (90.0) |
| Self-reported diary | 6 (26.1) | |
| Patient interview | 4 (7.4) | |
| Educational (n = 23, 8.8) | Monitored online | 13 (56.5) |
| Telephone call | 5 (21.7) | |
| Self-developed question(s) | 4 (17.4) | |
| Self-reported diary | 4 (17.4) | |
| Existing questionnaire | 1 (4.3) | |
| Accelerometer | 1 (4.3) | |
| 1 (4.3) | ||
| Electrotherapy (n = 14, 5.4) | Self-reported diary | 9 (64.3) |
| Device counter | 8 (57.1) | |
| Telephone call | 1 (7.1) | |
| In-person demonstration | 1 (7.1) | |
| Diet (n = 12, 4.6) | Self-reported diary | 9 (75.0) |
| Body weight monitored | 4 (33.3) | |
| Self-reported question | 2 (16.7) | |
| Existing questionnaire | 1 (8.3) | |
| Home visit | 1 (8.3) | |
| Patient interview | 1 (8.3) | |
| Magnetic (n = 3, 1.1) | Patient interview | 1 (33.3) |
| Self-developed question | 1 (33.3) | |
| Self-report diary | 1 (33.3) | |
| Massage (n = 2, 0.8) | Telephone call | 2 (100.0) |
| Existing questionnaire | 1 (50.0) | |
| Self-developed question | 1 (50.0) | |
| In-person demonstration | 1 (50.0) | |
| Heat/cold pack (n = 2, 0.8) | Telephone call | 2 (100.0) |
| Gait training (n = 2, 0.8) | Self-developed question | 2 (100.0) |
| Self-reported diary | 1 (50.0) | |
| Accelerometer | 1 (50.0) | |
| Topical gel (n = 2, 0.8) | Gel tube count | 1 (50.0) |
| Volume measured | 1 (50.0) |
Some studies used multiple adherence measurement methods; therefore, some totals will not sum to 100%.