Table 2.
Participant characteristics (means ± SD, unless otherwise stated).
| n = 18 | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 64.8 ± 6.5 |
| Sex, female (%) | 16 (89%) |
| Height, m | 1.65 (0.07) |
| Weight, kg | 90.08 (14.26) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 33.1 (4.0) |
| Bilateral symptoms, n(%) | 5 (28%) |
| Duration of symptoms, n(%) | |
| <1 year | 2 (11%) |
| 1–2 years | 9 (50%) |
| 2–5 years | 7 (39%) |
| 5–10 years | 0 (0%) |
| >5 years | 0 (0%) |
| Problem in other joints, number of participants (%) | 18 (100%) |
| Hand | 8 (44%) |
| Neck | 4 (22%) |
| Back | 10 (56%) |
| Knee | 11 (61%) |
| Foot/ankle | 6 (75%) |
| Shoulder | 6 (33%) |
| Current pain medication use, n(%)a | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory tablets | 6 (33%) |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors | 0 (0%) |
| Analgesia, paracetamol | 13 (72%) |
| Topical anti-inflammatories | 7 (39%) |
| Glucosamine or chondroitin | 2 (11%) |
| Topical liniments | 3 (17%) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 0 (0%) |
| Oral opioids | 1 (6%) |
| Comorbidities, n(%) | |
| Heart condition | 2 (11%) |
| High blood pressure | 10 (56%) |
| Lung condition | 0 (0%) |
| Diabetes | 2 (11%) |
| Ulcer | 0 (0%) |
| Kidney condition | 0 (0%) |
| Liver condition | 0 (0%) |
| Anemia | 1 (6%) |
| Cancer | 1 (6%) |
| Depression | 3 (17%) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1 (6%) |
| Vertigo | 1 (6%) |
| Sleep apnoea | 1 (6%) |
| History of fractures | 1 (6%) |
a
Defined as at least once per week over the past month.