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participants (cases) with osteoarthritis, defined by either radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis, patient reported osteoarthritis, or clinical diagnosis
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they used grey scale ultrasound imaging or power Doppler to assess one or more ultrasound imaging features in peripheral joints of the hand and feet
Exclusion criteria:
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were unpublished; non-peer-reviewed; do not involve humans; are in vitro studies; opinion articles; letters to the editor; non-English articles and abstracts
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included participants with inflammatory arthritis or a neurological, endocrine or metabolic disorder.
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only evaluated ultrasound imaging features evaluated in other joints, aside from those of the hands and feet
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studies that utilised ultrasonography only for guiding injections and did not report any USI feature data or findings of the ultrasonography examination