Table 3.
A comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between participants visiting CAM providers and not visiting CAM providers.
| Visiting CAM providers (n = 68) | Not visiting CAM providers (n = 232) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) women | 66 (97.1) | 200 (86.2) | 0.01 |
| Age, median (IQR) years | 60.9 (56.0–66.8) | 61.3 (56.8–65.8) | 0.95 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 26.1 (4.7) | 26.6 (5.0) | 0.43 |
| Married or living with partner, n (%) | 35 (60.3)a | 162 (72.6)b | 0.07 |
| Higher education, n (%) | 39 (57.4) | 135 (58.4)b | 0.87 |
| Working position, n (%) | 30 (44.1) | 130 (56.5)b | 0.07 |
| ACR criteria for hand OA, n (%) | 63 (92.6) | 215 (92.7) | 0.99 |
| ACR criteria for knee OA, n (%) | 44 (65.7)a | 143 (63.8)b | 0.78 |
| AUSCAN pain (range: 0–20), mean (SD) | 8.6 (4.1) | 8.1 (4.0) | 0.41 |
| WOMAC pain (range: 0–20), median (IQR) | 5.0 (1.3–10.0) | 4.0 (0.0–8.0)b | 0.15 |
| NRS hand pain (range: 0–10), mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.1) | 3.7 (2.3)b | 0.49 |
| NRS pain all joints total body (range: 0–10), mean (SD) | 4.5 (2.2) | 3.9 (2.3)b | 0.05 |
| Kellgren-Lawrence sum score (range: 0–128), median (IQR) | 24.0 (10.0–36.8) | 29.0 (16.0–44.0) | 0.09 |
| Comorbidity index (range: 0–45), mean SD | 9.4 (4.3) | 7.2 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| HADS anxiety (range: 0–21), median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.5–8.0)a | 3.0 (1.0–6.0)b | 0.003 |
| HADS depression (range: 0–21), median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0)a | 2.0 (1.0–4.0)b | 0.73 |
| PCS (range: 0–52), median (IQR) | 10.0 (5.0–18.0)a | 9.0 (5.0–14.0)b | 0.12 |
| ASES pain (range: 10–100), mean (SD) | 63.6 (16.4)a | 62.5 (16.2)b | 0.63 |
| ASES symptom (range: 10–100), mean (SD) | 72.4 (15.5)a | 73.1 (14.4)b | 0.71 |
| BACQ (range: 12–60), mean (SD) | 39.2 (3.9)a | 37.3 (4.0)b | <0.001 |
| NRS fatigue (range: 0–10), median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.26 |
| Moderate to extreme sleeping problems, n (%) | 31 (46.3)a | 91 (39.2) | 0.30 |
| Frequent alcohol drinking, n (%) | 25 (36.8) | 95 (41.1)b | 0.52 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 10 (14.7) | 35 (15.1) | 0.94 |
CAM= Complementary and Alternative Medicine. AUSCAN = Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis hand index, WOMAC=Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, NRS=Numerical Rating Scale, ACR = American College of Rheumatology, HADS=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PCS=Pain catastrophizing scale, ASES = Arthritis Self Efficacy scale, BACQ=Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire.
Missing variables for persons visiting CAM providers: N = 1 missing for ACR knee OA, sleep, PCS, ASES and BACQ. N = 3 missing for HADS. N = 10 missing for relationship.
Missing variables for persons not visiting CAM providers: N = 1 missing for education, NRS hand pain and alcohol. N = 2 missing for work, WOMAC pain and BACQ. N = 3 missing for NRS pain all joints, PCS and ASES. N = 4 missing for NRS fatigue. N = 7 missing for HADS. N = 8 missing for ACR knee OA. N = 9 missing for relationship.