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. 2022 Nov 18;13:1051514. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051514

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Copyright © 2022 Ferreira, Sousa, Leite, Brunialti, Nishiduka, Tashima, van der Poll and Salomão

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TNF-α production and metabolic profile of endotoxin tolerant PBMCs. (A): PBMCs were incubated for 48h (1st stimulus) with medium (-) or different concentrations of LPS and challenged with 100 ng/mL LPS (+) or medium (-) for 24h. (B): Percentage of CD14⁺ monocytes producing TNF-α, measured by flow cytometry. (C): Lactate concentration in culture supernatants. (D): Intracellular ATP production. Graphs show mean and SD and each dot represents one individual donor evaluated in all experimental conditions (n = 5 donors); p-values indicate differences between each condition as measured by repeated measures one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttest.