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. 2022 Nov 18;13:1051514. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051514

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Copyright © 2022 Ferreira, Sousa, Leite, Brunialti, Nishiduka, Tashima, van der Poll and Salomão

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Glucose metabolism supports cytokine production in control and endotoxin tolerant PBMCs. (A): PBMCs were incubated for 48h (1^st stimulus) with medium or 100 ng/mL of LPS, washed, and incubated for 1 h with 2-DG, 6-AN, and Oligomycin before challenge with 100 ng/mL LPS. TNF-α (B) and IL-6 (D) concentration in the culture supernatant of control (-) and endotoxin-tolerant PBMCs challenged with LPS. TNF-α (C) and IL-6 production (E) by control (-) and endotoxin tolerant PBMCs incubated with metabolic inhibitors along with LPS challenge. Graphs show mean and SD and each dot represents one individual donor evaluated in all experimental conditions (n = 6 donors); p-values indicate differences between each condition as measured by paired Student’s t-test (B, D) or repeated measures one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttest (C, E). ns, not significant.