Table 3.

VEPs and example signatories with reports coded in this study.

VEP	Brief description	Number of signatories	Example signatories with reports coded in this study	Geographic scope
Alliance to End of Plastic Waste (AEPW)68,89–91	An international non-profit that partners with governments, NGOs, and communities to develop and manage plastic waste management and promote post-use solutions.	52	Procter & Gamble, BASF, PepsiCo, Dow, ExxonMobil	Global
BP-Led Consortium92	A consortium formed by BP, Britvic, Danone and Unilever, along with Alpla and Remondis that aims to speed up the commercialization of BP’s Infinia recycling technology, infrastructure and demand needed to keep PET plastic products in the loop.	6	BP, Unilever	U.S.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s “New Plastics Economy Global Commitment” 67–70,76–78,90,93,103	A collaboration led by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and in partnership with the UN Environment Program that unites businesses, governments, and other organizations behind a common vision and targets to address plastic waste and pollution at the source.	458	Apple, Carrefour, Nestlé, PepsiCo, Unilever, Johnson & Johnson, Walmart	Global
European Plastics Pact 94	A public-private coalition led by France, the Netherlands and Denmark that forms a European network of companies, states, and other organizations (e.g., NGOs) on mastering single-use plastic products and packaging.	142	Unilever, Nestlé, Carrefour	Europe
Nestlé Partnership 95	A joint initiative of Nestlé, Logitech, SIG and other industry partners to tackle plastic waste.	3+	Nestlé, Logitech, SIG	Switzerland
NextGen Consortium and Beyond the Baa Initiative (Closed Looo Partners)96,97	Closed Loop Partners: An investment firm and innovation center focused on building a circular economy, partly by creating collaborations, such as NextGen and Beyond the Bag: NextGen: A multi-year, global consortium that aims to address single-use food packaging waste globally, founded by Starbucks and McDonald’s. Beyond the Bag: A multi-year collaboration across retail sectors that aims to identify, test and implement innovative design solutions that are more sustainable than the current retail bag.	27 (10 in the NextGen Consortium and 17 in the Beyond the Bag Initiative)	Coca-Cola Company, Nestlé, CVS Health, Target, Kroger, Walgreens Boots Alliance	Global
NextWave Plastics Consortium 98	A consortium of multinational technology and consumer brands that aim to decrease the volume of plastic litter entering the ocean by developing global ocean-bound plastic supply chains.	10	Dell, HP, General Motors	Global
ReSource 78,97	A consortium led by WWF made up of companies and organizations aiming to address our planet’s plastic waste crisis.	8	The Coca-Cola Company, Procter & Gamble	Global
Sustainable Packaging Coalition 99	A membership-based collaborative of packaging sustainability stakeholders that aim to catalyze actionable improvements to packaging systems and provide a voice on packaging sustainability issues.	442	Bayer, The Coca-Cola Company, Dow, ExxonMobil, HP	Global
The Association of Plastic Recyclers99	An international trade association representing the plastics recycling industry focused on advancing plastics recycling.	Not available	BASF, Walmart	Global
The Recycling Partnership 77,97	A national nonprofit that leverages corporate partner funding to advance recycling in the U.S. It engages with the full recycling supply chain.	55	The Coca-Cola Company, Target, ExxonMobil, PepsiCo, Amazon, Dow, Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson	U.S.
U.S. Plastics Pact 102	A collaborative effort organized by The Recycling Partnership and the WWF and launched as part of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s global Plastics Pact to unify diverse public-private stakeholders across the plastics value chain to rethink the way we design, use, and reuse plastics. The goal is to create a path forward for a circular economy for plastic in the U.S.	83	Target, Unilever, The Coca-Cola Company, Nestlé	U.S.