Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of new and established patients seen in pre-COVID-19 vs COVID-19 time periods
| Established patients* |
New patients |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Pre-COVID-19 period (n = 128 598)†
|
COVID-19 period (n = 125 855)†
|
Pre-COVID-19 period (n = 65 068)†
|
COVID-19 period (n = 53 973)†
|
P-value‡
|
|
Mean age – years, (SD)
|
49.3 (21.3) |
50.1 (20.8) |
40.4 (22.1) |
41.0 (21.6) |
<0.001§ |
|
Age in categories – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
<.0001 |
| <19 |
10 280 (8.0) |
8783 (7.0) |
11 128 (17.1) |
8539 (15.8) |
|
| 19-34 |
25 685 (20.0) |
24 421 (19.4) |
18 263 (28.1) |
14 976 (27.8) |
|
| 35-49 |
24 479 (19.0) |
24 345 (19.3) |
12 145 (18.7) |
10 906 (20.2) |
|
| 50-64 |
31 758 (24.7) |
31 426 (25.0) |
12 053 (18.5) |
10 174 (18.9) |
|
| 65-79 |
28 280 (22.0) |
28 952 (23.0) |
9001 (13.8) |
7465 (13.8) |
|
| 80+ |
8116 (6.3) |
7928 (6.3) |
2478 (3.8) |
1913 (3.5) |
|
|
Sex – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
0.68 |
| Male |
52 575 (40.9) |
51 169 (40.7) |
29 724 (45.7) |
24 718 (45.8) |
|
| Female |
76 016 (59.1) |
74 680 (59.3) |
35 329 (54.3) |
29 236 (54.2) |
|
|
Insurance type – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Commercial |
60 369 (49.4) |
58 676 (49.0) |
33 175 (56.8) |
26 187 (54.9) |
|
| Medicaid |
10 511 (8.6) |
9 747 (8.2) |
6159 (10.6) |
5894 (12.4) |
|
| Medicare |
43 261 (35.4) |
43 299 (36.2) |
14 274 (24.4) |
11 573 (24.3) |
|
| Self-paid |
1352 (1.1) |
1172 (1.0) |
859 (1.5) |
553 (1.2) |
|
| Other |
6613 (5.4) |
6784 (5.7) |
3939 (6.7) |
3507 (7.4) |
|
|
Zip code level income – mean (SD)║ |
$67 849 (22 797) |
$68 116 (22 840) |
$67 981 (23 245) |
$67 457 (23 240) |
<0.001§ |
|
Race – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| White |
105 038 (82.3) |
103 011 (82.5) |
50 853 (80.8) |
41 759 (80.6) |
|
| Black |
11 877 (9.3) |
11 521 (9.2) |
4636 (7.4) |
4072 (7.9) |
|
| Asian |
2778 (2.2) |
2626 (2.1) |
1920 (3.1) |
1260 (5.4) |
|
| Other |
7937 (6.2) |
7724 (6.2) |
5527 (8.8) |
4754 (9.2) |
|
|
Ethnicity – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Hispanic |
6448 (5.1) |
6 439 (5.2) |
4648 (7.4) |
4276 (8.2) |
|
| Non-Hispanic |
120 900 (94.9) |
118 215 (94.8) |
58 320 (92.6) |
47 626 (91.8) |
|
|
Preferred language – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
0.001 |
| English |
125 604 (97.8) |
122 849 (97.8) |
62 035 (96.5) |
51 634 (96.4) |
|
| Spanish |
1865 (1.5) |
1817 (1.5) |
1492 (2.3) |
1393 (2.6) |
|
| Other |
995 (0.8) |
964 (0.8) |
746 (1.2) |
557 (1.0) |
|
|
Distance in miles from medical centre – median (IQR)
|
9.5 (5.0-44.3) |
9.1 (5.0-37.7) |
10.3 (5.5-48.6) |
9.6 (5.4-47.5) |
<0.001¶ |
|
Rurality – n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Nonurban-adjacent rural |
6611 (5.2) |
6328 (5.0) |
4166 (6.5) |
3367 (6.3) |
|
| Urban-adjacent rural |
12 392 (9.7) |
11 970 (9.5) |
8429 (13.1) |
6819 (12.7) |
|
| Urban more than 30 miles |
17 853 (13.9) |
16 166 (12.9) |
9991 (15.5) |
7416 (13.8) |
|
| Urban within 30 miles |
91 172 (71.2) |
91 015 (72.5) |
41 872 (65.0) |
36 050 (67.2) |
|
|
Zip code level internet access – mean (SD)║ |
87.7 (6.8) |
87.8 (6.8) |
87.7 (6.9) |
87.6 (6.9) |
0.003§ |
| Death prior to COVID-19 period – n (%) | 1486 (1.2) | 1474 (1.2) | 415 (0.6) | 331 (0.6) | 0.59 |
SD – standard deviation, IQR – interquartile range
*164 168 total unique patients, where 90 285 (55.0%) were seen in both periods. No P-values for established patients, as patients may contribute to both time periods.
†Time periods: pre-COVID-19 = March 16, 2019, to March 15, 2020; COVID-19 = March 16, 2020, to March 15, 2021.
‡P-values for COVID vs pre-COVID-19 for new patients. χ2 tests used unless otherwise indicated.
§P-value from independent samples t test.
¶P value from Wilcoxon rank sum test.
║Based on zip code of patient residence, reporting the median of zip code – level mean (SD) values for income and internet access.