FIG 3.

Camostat and nirmatrelvir synergize with molnupiravir to suppress infection of Calu-3 cells by SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Calu-3 lung cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of camostat and molnupiravir (EIDD-1931) 2 h prior to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 beta (A) or delta (B) VOC at an MOI 0.01. (C) Nirmatrelvir and EIDD-1931 were added to Calu-3 cells 2 h before infection with the delta VOC at an MOI 0.01. After 96 h, the cell viability was measured by a CellTiter-Glo assay (Promega), and the antiviral efficacy was calculated as described in Materials and Methods. For each panel (A, B, and C), the left plot shows the percent inhibition of infection, while the right plot depicts a two-dimensional topograph that highlights the areas of synergy across the dose response matrix, including the MSA (light gray box).