Table 3.
Basic characteristics of participants with hepatic steatosis with/without bariatric surgery after PSM Analysis in the NHANES 2015–2018.
| Outcomes | hepatic steatosis without bariatric surgery (n=1080) | hepatic steatosis with bariatric surgery (n=108) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 52.88 ± 0.71 | 52.73 ± 1.26 | 0.92 |
| Sex | 0.46 | ||
| Female | 82.85 (79.93, 85.78) | 84.14 (76.04, 92.25) | |
| Male | 17.15 (14.22, 20.07) | 15.86 (7.75,23.96) | |
| PIR | 3.53 ± 0.07 | 3.54 ± 0.24 | 0.98 |
| Race | 0.83 | ||
| Mexican American | 6.57 (4.34,8.80) | 5.95 (2.24,9.67) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 69.55 (64.34,74.75) | 70.12 (62.73,77.50) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 12.32 (8.60,16.05) | 13.19 (8.20,18.19) | |
| Other Hispanic | 4.20 (2.90,5.49) | 5.00 (0.56,9.44) | |
| Other Race | 7.37 (5.07, 9.66) | 5.73 (0.68,10.78) | |
| Education | 0.84 | ||
| > High school | 24.74 (21.48,28.00) | 26.73 (14.80,38.66) | |
| < High school | 2.60 (1.70,3.49) | 2.51 (-0.14,5.15) | |
| Above | 72.66 (69.40,75.93) | 70.76 (58.25,83.27) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36.92 ± 0.29 | 37.61 ± 0.68 | 0.37 |
| HSI | 47.31 ± 0.34 | 46.82 ± 0.73 | 0.56 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 0.5 | ||
| Yes | 26.27 (22.67,29.87) | 31.24 (22.05,40.44) | |
| No | 73.73 (70.13,77.33) | 68.76 (59.56,77.95) | |
| Smoke | 0.87 | ||
| Former | 28.53 (24.53,32.53) | 21.66 (10.90,32.42) | |
| Never | 60.83 (56.64,65.01) | 61.03 (47.17,74.89) | |
| Now | 10.64 (8.26,13.03) | 17.31 (6.28,28.35) | |
| Hypertension | 0.57 | ||
| Yes | 54.82 (50.09,59.54) | 56.13 (39.88,72.38) | |
| No | 45.18 (40.46,49.91) | 43.87 (27.62,60.12) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.003 | ||
| Yes | 54.82 (50.09,59.54) | 56.13 (39.88,72.38) | |
| No | 21.70 (18.25,25.15) | 34.19 (23.48,44.90) | |
| SII | 567.80 ± 10.58 | 510.12 ± 18.84 | 0.01 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.99 ± 0.55 | 19.76 ± 1.58 | 0.003 |
| AST (U/L) | 23.57 ± 0.67 | 21.74 ± 1.33 | 0.17 |
| Glycohemoglobin (%) | 5.96 ± 0.04 | 5.88 ± 0.14 | 0.61 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.82 ± 0.03 | 4.97 ± 0.04 | 0.19 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.78 ± 0.04 | 1.46 ± 0.11 | 0.01 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.34 ± 0.76 | 124.25 ± 1.29 | 0.05 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.24 ± 0.59 | 70.66 ± 1.03 | 0.19 |
Mean ± SD was for continuous variables. The percentage (95% confidence interval) was for categorical variables.
NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PIR, poverty income ratio; BMI, body mass index; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.