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. 2022 Dec 3;13:7463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35183-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a–c Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) of HDG-EVs (a), LDB-EVs (b), and HDB-EVs (c). Scale bars, 200 nm. d and e The size (mean diameter) (d) and particle concentration (e) of HDG-EVs, LDB-EVs and HDB-EVs. n = 3. f Colocalization between HDB-EVs and C2C12 cells. PKH67-labeled HDB-EVs were incubated with C2C12 for 48 h. Cells were stained with Dil cell membrane tracker. g Intensity profiles of two fluorescent channels (green, EVs; red, cell membrane) along the dashed line. h and i Representative bright-field images (h) and OD values of MTT assays for cell proliferation (i) of C2C12 cells without EV treatment (EV⁻) and with increased doses of HDB-EVs treatment for 48 h. n = 3. Scale bar, 500 µm. j and k Representative images of EdU staining (j) and quantification of EdU-positive C2C12 cells (k) without EV treatment (EV⁻) and with 10 µg/mL HDG-EVs, LDB-EVs and HDB-EVs treatment for 48 h. n = 3. Scale bar, 100 µm. d, e, i, k The data are represented as mean ± SD. The significant difference is determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.