Table 2.
Patient characteristics associated with elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR > 100).
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 2.21 | (1.95–2.50) | < 0.001* | 2.04 | (1.79–2.33) | < 0.001** |
| Male versus female | 0.54 | (0.50–0.58) | < 0.001* | 0.56 | (0.52–0.61) | < 0.001** |
| eGFR (per 5 mL/min per 1.73m2 reduction in eGFR) | 1.02 | (1.01–1.04) | < 0.001* | 0.95 | (0.93–0.96) | < 0.001** |
| Albumin | 0.98 | (0.98–0.99) | < 0.001* | 0.99 | (0.98–0.99) | < 0.001** |
| GIT bleeding | 2.17 | (1.88–2.50) | < 0.001* | 2.27 | (1.94–2.67) | < 0.001** |
| Cardiac failure | 1.79 | (1.62–1.98) | < 0.001* | 1.36 | (1.24–1.48) | < 0.001** |
| Hypovolaemia | 1.27 | (1.12–1.44) | < 0.001* | 1.11 | (0.96–1.27) | 0.154 |
| Acute kidney injury | 1.39 | (1.31–1.48) | < 0.001* | 1.49 | (1.37–1.62) | < 0.001** |
| CCI score Excluding age | 1.06 | (1.04–1.07) | < 0.001* | 1.03 | (1.01–1.05) | 0.001** |
| Loop diuretic | 1.84 | (1.73–1.95) | < 0.001* | 1.53 | (1.43–1.65) | < 0.001** |
| Thiazide diuretic | 1.55 | (1.40–1.71) | < 0.001* | 1.50 | (1.35–1.67) | < 0.001** |
95% CI 95% Confidence interval; eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate; GIT Gastrointestinal tract; CCI Charlson comorbidity index.
* Patient characteristics with a p value < 0.01 in univariate analysis were selected for inclusion in multivariate analysis.
** p value < 0.05 in multivariate analysis was considered statistically significant.