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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Laryngoscope. 2022 Jun 3;133(3):521–527. doi: 10.1002/lary.30222

TABLE 5.

Patient demographics and utensil type as additional independent variables of the risk of penetration or aspiration (PAS≥3) with adjusted model.

Variable (Units/Comparisons for Odds Ratio) Odds Ratio Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval p-Value
LVO-normalized-ratio (1%) 1.03 1.01–1.04 0.0003
LVC-latency (0.1 s) 1.17 1.07–1.29 0.0007
Age (10 years) 1.16 0.93–1.45 0.1952
Sex (female vs. male) 0.88 0.43–1.81 0.7249
Administration mode (cup with straw vs. spoon) 0.74 0.39–1.39 0.3414
Administration mode (cup vs. spoon) 0.31 0.17–0.56 <0.0001