Table 2.
English to Catalan translation process
Type | Item | 3 discrepancies in forward translation | Translation explanation | Changed meaning post back translation | Solution | Difficulties for patient to understand | Solution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Child | How do you feel about the way you look in general? | No | – |
Yes (your general appearance?) |
– | 2 | Add the Catalan equivalent for “physical appearance” |
2. Child | How do you feel about the way you look with your shirt or your top off? | No | – |
Yes (when you aren’t wearing a T-shirt?) |
Change for Catalan equivalent for “when you are with your shirt or your top off” | No | - |
3. Child | If you had to spend the rest of your life with your chest as it looks now, how would you feel? | No | – |
No (How would you feel if you had to live the rest of your life with your chest as it is now?) |
- | No | – |
4. Child | How often do other kids do fun about you because of your chest? | No | Change for Catalan equivalent for “laugh at you” and add the “appearance of your chest” |
Yes (laugh at you) |
Change again for Catalan equivalent for “be made fun of” or “be mocked” and omit the “appearance of your chest” | No | – |
5. Child | How often do you avoid doing things, like spending the night at a friend’s house, because of the way your chest looks? | No | Change “doing things” for Catalan equivalent for “making plans” |
Yes (Do you stop making plans with your friends, like a sleepover, because of your chest?) |
Change again for Catalan equivalent for “doing things” | No | – |
6. Child | How often do you try to hide your chest to keep people from knowing about it? | No | – |
Yes (Do you try to hide your chest so that people don’t know what it looks like?) |
- | No | – |
7. Child | How often are you bothered because of the way your chest looks? | No | Use the Catalan equivalence for worried instead of bothered |
Yes (Do you worry about how your chest looks?) |
Change again for the Catalan equivalent for “are you bothered” | 2 | Add the Catalan equivalent for “by other people” |
8. Child | How often does your chest make you feel shy or self-conscious? | No | Exclude “shy” from Catalan version |
Yes (Do you have a complex about your chest?) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “self-conscious” | 7 | Add again the Catalan equivalent for “shy” |
9. Child | How often do you feel bad about yourself because of the way your chest looks? | No | – |
No (Does the look of your chest make you feel bad?) |
– | No | – |
10. Child | Have trouble running around or exercising because it made your chest hurt? | No | – |
No (Problems during running or exercising because your chest hurt) |
– | No | – |
11. Child | Have shortness of breath | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “feeling shortness of breath” |
No (Shortness of breath) |
Omit the Catalan equivalent for “feeling” | 1 | Add the Catalan equivalent for “breathing problems” |
12. Child | Be tired | No | – |
No (Tiredness) |
– | No | – |
13. Child | Not be able to participate in gym class | No | Change “participate” for the Catalan equivalent for “do” |
Yes (to follow the Physical Education class at school) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “do” | No | – |
14. Child | Miss school | No | – |
No (Missing school) |
– | No | – |
15. Child before surgery | How much do you want the surgery to make your chest look different? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “would you like to undergo surgery to change how your chest looks?” |
Yes (Would you like to be operated on so that your chest looks different?) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “would you like to undergo surgery to change how your chest looks” | No | – |
15. Child after surgery | How did the surgery change how your chest looks? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “do you think that the surgery changed the appearance of your chest?” |
Yes (Do you think surgery has changed the appearance of your chest?) |
Change for the Catalan equivalent for “how has the surgery changed the appearance of your chest?” | No | – |
16. Child after surgery | How did the surgery change how you feel about your chest? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “After the surgery, how do you feel about your chest?” |
Yes (After surgery, how do you feel about your chest?) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “After the surgery, how do you feel about your chest?” | No | – |
17. Child after surgery | How happy are you that you had the surgery? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “Are you happy that you had the surgery?” |
Yes (Are you happy that you were operated on?) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “Are you happy that you had the surgery?” | No | – |
1. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have trouble being physically active? | Yes | Change for Catalan equivalent for “difficulties to do physical activity” |
Yes (Difficulties for exercising) |
Change for the Catalan equivalent for “trouble” | No | – |
2. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have chest pain when physically active, such as running or playing sports? | No | – |
Yes (Chest pain during exercise -running-) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “chest pain during physical activity” | – | |
3. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have shortness of breath? | Yes | Use Catalan equivalent for “feeling shortness of breath” |
No (Shortness of breath) |
Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Catalan version | No | – |
4. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to become tired? | Yes | Use the Catalan equivalent for “tiredness” |
No (tiredness) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “tiredness” | No | – |
5. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have problems gaining weight? | No |
Yes (Difficulties to gain weight) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “problems to gain weight” | No | – | |
6. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be irritable? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “feeling of irritability” |
No (Irritability) |
Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Catalan version | No | – |
7. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be frustrated? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “feeling of frustration” |
No (Frustration) |
Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Catalan version | No | – |
8. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be sad or depressed? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “feeling sadness or depression” |
No (Sadness or depression) |
Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Catalan version | No | – |
9. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be restless? | No | – |
Yes (Worry) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “restlessness” | No | – |
10. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be isolated? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “feeling of isolation” |
Yes (Feeling of isolation) |
Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Catalan version | No | – |
11. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be made fun of? | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “other children laugh at him/her” |
Yes (Other children to laugh at him/her) |
Change for the Catalan equivalent for “be made fun of” or “be mocked” | No | – |
12. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to limit him/her playing sports? | No | – |
Yes (Limitation to practice sport) |
Keep the Catalan equivalent for “limitation to practice sports” | No | – |
13. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to miss school | No | Use the Catalan equivalent for “missing class” |
Yes (Missing class) |
Change “class” for the Catalan equivalent for “school” | No | – |
14. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be reluctant to wear a bathing suit? | Yes (reluctant) | Keep the Catalan equivalent for reluctant |
No (To be reluctant to use a swimsuit) |
– | No | – |
15. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be reluctant to change clothes in front of others? | Yes (reluctant) | Keep the Catalan equivalent for reluctant |
No (To be reluctant to change clothes in front of other people) |
– | No | – |
16. Parents pre surg | How often have you been concerned about the effects pectus excavatum has on your child’s life? | No | – |
No (Are you concerned about the effects of pectus excavatum on your child's life?) |
– | No | – |