Table 2.
Total number of samples and presence of pesticides found in fruit categories.
| S. No | Food Items (No. of Samples (n = 4513)) | Percent of samples with residues below the MRLs (No. of samples) | Percent of samples with residues above the MRLs (No. of samples) | Pesticides Found | Pesticide Class | Agricultural based uses | PFD∗ | Mean ± Sd (mg kg−1) | MRL (mg kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Berries (n = 577) | |||||||||
| 1. | Blackberries (25) | 92.0 % (23) | 8.0 % (2) | Propetamphos | Organophosphate | I | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Propiconazole | Triazole | F | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 2. | Blueberry (74) | 97.3 % (72) | 2.7 % (2) | Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorous | I | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Iprodione | Hydantoin | F,N | 1 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 3. | Gooseberry (84) | 46.4 % (39) | 53.6 % (45) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 10 | 0.06 ± 0.08 | 0.01 |
| Bendiocarb | Carbamates | I | 2 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzamidizole | F | 4 | 0.40 ± 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroids | I | 28 | 0.25 ± 0.39 | 0.01 | ||||
| Monocrotophos | Carbamate | I | 31 | 0.97 ± 0.88 | 0.01 | ||||
| 4. | Grapes (63) | 87.3 % (55) | 12.7 % (8) | Chlorpropham | Carbamate | H | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 2 | 0.65 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Diethofencarb | Carbamate | F | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 2 | 0.9 ± 0.14 | 0.30 | ||||
| Monocrotophos | Carbamate | I | 2 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Myclobutanil | Triazole | F | 1 | 1.53 ± 0.00 | 0.90 | ||||
| Prothiofos | Organophosphate | I | 3 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| 5. | Kiwi Fruit (26) | 96.2 % (25) | 3.8 % (1) | Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, M | 1 | 0.28 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 6. | Raspberries (27) | 96.3 % (26) | 3.7 % (1) | Buprofezin | Thiadiazinanes | I | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 7. | Strawberry (278) | 83.1 % (231) | 16.9 % (47) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 5 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Carbofuran | Carbamate N-methyl | A, I, N | 3 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 2 | 0.15 ± 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||
| Cyprodinil | Anilinopyrimidines | F | 9 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.09 | ||||
| Dichlorvos | Organophosphorus | A,I | 3 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 1 | 0.70 ± 0.00 | 0.60 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 5 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 3 | 0.13 ± 0.15 | 0.01 | ||||
| Myclobutanil | Triazole | F | 2 | 1.55 ± 0.00 | 0.80 | ||||
| Profenofos | Organophosphorus | A, I | 2 | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Propiconazole | Triazole | F | 6 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Pyrimethanil | Anilinopyrimidine | F | 6 | 0.83 ± 0.83 | 0.05 | ||||
| Spiroxamine | Spiroketalamines | F | 6 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| II. Citrus Fruit (n = 299) | |||||||||
| 8. | Grapefruit (5) | 100.0 % (5) | 0.0 | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 9. | Kinoo (2) | 100.0% (2) | 0.0 | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 10. | Kumquat (1) | 100.0% (1) | 0.0 | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 11. | Lemon (91) | 91.2 % (83) | 8.8 % (8) | Bromopropylte | Benzilates | A | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Carbendazim | Benzimidizole | F | 1 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
| Profenofos | Organophosphorus | I | 2 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| 12. | Lime (76) | 40.8 % (31) | 59.2 % (45) | Ametryn | Triazine | H | 1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Azinphos Ethyl | Organophosphate | I | 1 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Fenobucarb | Carbamate | I | 3 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||
| Hexaconazole | Triazole | F | 9 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||
| Paclobutrazole | Conazole | F | 13 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.01 | ||||
| Profenofos | Organophosphorus | A, I | 13 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propargite | Unclassified | A | 17 | 0.07 ± 0.08 | 0.01 | ||||
| 13. | Mandarin (22) | 90.9 % (20) | 9.1 % (2) | Imazalil | Imidazole | F | 1 | 13.3 ± 0.00 | 5.00 |
| Triazophos | Organophosphate | A,I | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 14. | Oranges (97) | 79.4 % (77) | 20.6 % (20) | Cyfluthrin | Pyrethroids | I | 1 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.02 |
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 9 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Ethion | Pyrethroid | I | 1 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Flutriafol | Triazole | F | 2 | 0.31 ± 0.41 | 0.01 | ||||
| Hexaconazole | Triazole | F | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Imazalil | Imidazole | F | 2 | 18.3 ± 0.00 | 5.00 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A,I | 6 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 15. | Pomelo (5) | 100.0 % (5) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| III. Melons (n = 180) | |||||||||
| 16. | Honey Dew Melon (9) | 100.0 % (9) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 17. | Rock Melon (11) | 100.0 % (11) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 18. | Sweet Melon (19) | 84.2 % (16) | 15.8 % (3) | Chlorfenapyr | Arylepyrole | I | 3 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 19. | Watermelon (141) | 90.8 % (128) | 9.2 % (13) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 8 | 0.45 ± 0.48 | 0.01 |
| Bromopropylate | Benzilates | A | 2 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Imazalil | Imidazole | F | 2 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 6 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 2 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Prochloraz | Imidazole | F | 1 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.03 | ||||
| IV. Pome Fruit (n = 180) | |||||||||
| 20. | Apples (143) | 83.2 % (119) | 16.8 % (24) | Azoxystrobin | Strobilurin | F | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Bromopropylate | Benzilates | A | 6 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos: | Organophosphorus | A, I, M | 1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Diazinon: | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 2 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroid | A, I | 4 | 0.21 ± 0.2 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenvalerate | Pyrethroid | I | 2 | 0.67 ± 0.2 | 0.10 | ||||
| Formetanate | Formamidine | I A | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Phosalone | Organophosphate | I A | 4 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Profenophos | Organophosphorus | I | 2 | 0.4 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propargite | Unclassified | A | 2 | 3.86 ± 0.00 | 3.00 | ||||
| Xystrobin | Strobilurin | F | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 21. | Loquat (10) | 70.0 % (7) | 30.0 % (3) | Triadimenol | Triazole | F | 3 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 22. | Pear (22) | 100.0 % (22) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 23. | Quince (1) | 100.0 % (1) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 24. | Wood Apples (4) | 100.0 % (4) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| V. Stone Fruit (n = 415) | |||||||||
| 25. | Avocado (240) | 90.4 % (217) | 9.6 % (23) | Allethrin | Pyrethroid | I | 4 | 1.87 ± 0.32 | 0.01 |
| Azoxystrobin | Strobilurin | F | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Fenazaquin | Quinazoline | A I | 3 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Permethrin | Pyrethroid | I | 14 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.04 | ||||
| 26. | Apricot (16) | 81.3 % (13) | 18.8 % (3) | Bifenthrin | Pyrethroid | A, I | 3 | 0.16 ± 0.13 | 0.01 |
| Iprodione | Hydantoin | F, N | 1 | 0.17 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 27. | Cherries (31) | 93.5 % (29) | 6.5 % (2) | Bendiocarb | Carbamate | I | 2 | 0.2 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Monocrotophos | Carbamate | I | 2 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 28. | Nectarine (12) | 50.0 % (6) | 50.0 % (6) | Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 6 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 4 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 29. | Peaches (86) | 66.3 % (57) | 33.7 % (29) | Anthraquinon | Anhydride | I, F | 12 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 2 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 0.08 | ||||
| Deltamethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 4 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 29 | 0.22 ± 0.19 | 0.01 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 11 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| 30. | Plums (15) | 100.0 % (15) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 31. | Prickly Pear (15) | 100.0 % (15) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| VI. Tropical Fruit (Common And Exotic) (n = 2862) | |||||||||
| 32. | Banana (588) | 87.2 % (513) | 12.8 % (75) | Bifenthrin | Pyrethroids | A, I | 2 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 0.10 |
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 7 | 0.49 ± 0.21 | 0.20 | ||||
| Chlorfenapyr | Arylepyrole | I | 5 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Demeton-Smethyl Sulfone | Organophosphate | I | 4 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroids | A, I | 2 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Iprodione | Hydantoin | F, N | 5 | 0.24 ± 0.13 | 0.01 | ||||
| Phorate | Organophosphorus | I | 2 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Prochloraz | Imidazole | F | 37 | 0.31 ± 0.22 | 0.05 | ||||
| Pyraclostrobin | Pyrazole | F | 2 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| 33. | Breadfruit (2) | 100.0 % (2) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 34. | Chickoo (44) | 95.5 % (42) | 4.5 % (2) | Imazalil | Imidazole | F | 2 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.05 |
| 35. | Coconut (20) | 100.0 % (20) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 36. | Custard Apple (33) | 93.9 % (31) | 6.1 % (2) | Cyhalothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Thiamethoxam | Neonicotinoid | I | 2 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 37. | Dates (4) | 100.0 % (4) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 38. | Dragon Fruit (35) | 71.4 % (25) | 28.6 % (10) | Azoxystrobin | Strobilurin | F | 2 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 4 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
| Imazalil | Imidazole | F | 2 | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.01 | ||||
| Iprodione | Hydantoin | F, N | 6 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 39. | Fig (31) | 93.5 % (29) | 6.5 % (2) | Propargite | Unclassified | A | 2 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 40. | Guava (249) | 49.4 % (123) | 50.6 % (126) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 3 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Acetamiprid | Neonicotinoid | I | 13 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Azoxystrobin | Strobilurin | F | 30 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 8 | 0.33 ± 0.17 | 0.1 | ||||
| Chlorfenapyr | Arylepyrole | I | 2 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorpropham | Carbamate | H | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, M | 32 | 0.08 ± 0.11 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyfluthrin | Pyrethroids | I | 16 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin | Pyrethroid | I | 3 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 9 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroid | I | 1 | 0.40 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 16 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.02 | ||||
| Ethion | Pyrethroid | I | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenobucarb | Carbomate | I | 4 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroid | A, I | 4 | 0.16 ± 0.08 | 0.01 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 1 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 12 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 9 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Profenofos | Organophosphorus | A, I | 22 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Thiamethoxam | Neonicotinoid | I | 3 | 0.13 ± 0.18 | 0.01 | ||||
| Triadiminol | Triazole | F | 8 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 41. | Jack Fruit (20) | 100.0 % (20) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 42. | Jamun (2) | 0.0 % | 100.0 % (2) | Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 2 | 0.2 ± 0.00 | 0.10 |
| 43. | Jujube (35) | 45.7 % (16) | 54.3 % (19) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 1 | 0.40 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Bendiocarb | Carbamates | I | 6 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorfenapyr | Arylepyrole | I | 12 | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propiconazole | Triazole | F | 6 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 44. | Longan (242) | 18.6 % (45) | 81.4 % (197) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 4 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Azoxystrobin | Strobolurin | F | 135 | 0.14 ± 0.13 | 0.01 | ||||
| Bifenthrin | Pyrethroid | A, I | 2 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Buprofezin | Unclassified | A, I | 2 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Carbaryl | Carbamate | I | 12 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 96 | 0.89 ± 0.78 | 0.10 | ||||
| Chlorothalonil | Organochloride | F | 9 | 0.88 ± 0.26 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 112 | 0.43 ± 0.24 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 18 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 33 | 2.55 ± 1.32 | 1.00 | ||||
| Difenoconazole | Triazole | F | 35 | 0.24 ± 0.12 | 0.06 | ||||
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 4 | 0.2 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Dimethomorph | Morpholine | F | 7 | 0.1 ± 0.06 | 0.01 | ||||
| Hexaconazole | Triazole | F | 17 | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.01 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 6 | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 4 | 0.07 ± 0.07 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 3 | 0.2 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 8 | 0.18 ± 0.13 | 0.01 | ||||
| Pirimiphos Methyl | Organophosphate | A, I | 4 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propargite | Unclassified | A | 2 | 0.1 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propiconazole | Triazole | F | 6 | 0.16 ± 0.16 | 0.01 | ||||
| Prothiofos | Organophosphate | I | 4 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Pyraclostrobin | Pyrazole | F | 29 | 0.17 ± 0.25 | 0.02 | ||||
| Tetraconazole | Triazole | F | 2 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| 45. | Lychee (12) | 66.7 % (8) | 33.3 % (4) | Chlorothalonil | Organochloride | F | 2 | 0.38 ± 0.40 | 0.01 |
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, M | 1 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Diflubenzuron | Benzoylurea | I | 1 | 0.72 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Tebuconazole | Triazole | F | 1 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| 46. | Mangoes (593) | 82.0 % (486) | 18.0 % (107) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 10 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Acetamiprid | Neonicotinoid | I | 1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Bendiocarb | Carbamates | I | 3 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Boscalid | Carbaxomide | F | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 1 | 1.10 ± 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 36 | 0.07 ± 0.06 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyfluthrin | Pyrethriods | I | 9 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin (Lambda) | Pyrethroids | I | 1 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 1 | 1.90 ± 0.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Difenconazole | Triazole | F | 2 | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 0.07 | ||||
| Fenobucarb | Carbamate | I | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroids | A, I | 3 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fludioxonil | Phenylpyrole | F | 2 | 10.0 ± 0.00 | 2.00 | ||||
| Hexaconazole | Triazole | F | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 1 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 1 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Monocrotophos | Carbamate | I | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Myclobutanil | Triazole | F | 1 | 0.15 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 8 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Phenthoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 4 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propiconazole | Triazole | F | 4 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Quinalphos | Organophosphate | I | 6 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Triazophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 8 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 47. | Mangosteen (11) | 100.0 % (11) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 48. | Marian Plum (Gandaria) (1) | 0.0 % | 100.0 % (1) | Chlorothalonil | Organochloride | F | 1 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 49. | Papaya (258) | 76.4 % (197) | 23.6 % (61) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 4 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Acetamiprid | Neonicotinoid | I | 11 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbaryl | Carbamate | I | 1 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 9 | 0.31 ± 0.22 | 0.14 | ||||
| Carbofuran | Carbamate N-methy | A, I, N | 12 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyfluthrin | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Deltamethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 4 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroids | I | 4 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Kresoxim | Strobilurin | F, B | 6 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Procymidone | Dicoboximide | F | 4 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Pyridaben | Organochlorine | I | 1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Thiamethoxam | Neonicotinoid | I | 2 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||
| 50. | Passionfruit (94) | 54.3 % (51) | 45.7 % (43) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 1 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 7 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.10 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyhahothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin | Pyrethroids | I | 10 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyretheroids | I | 9 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Diazinon | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 6 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Difenoconazole | Triazole | F | 3 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 3 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 13 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Monocrotophos | Carbamate | I | 3 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Permethrin | Pyrethroid | I | 1 | 1.07 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| 51. | Persimmon (37) | 56.8 % (21) | 43.2 % (16) | Acetamiprid | Neonicotinoid | I | 3 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, N | 4 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.05 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 1 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 10 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 7 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| 52. | Pineapple (126) | 92.1 % (116) | 7.9 % (10) | Chlorothalonil | Organochloride | F | 4 | 3.98 ± 1.35 | 0.01 |
| Pyraclostrobin | Pyrazole | F | 2 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| 53. | Pomegranate (163) | 52.1 % (85) | 47.9 % (78) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 7 | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.01 |
| Acetamiprid | Neonicotinoid | I | 7 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Azoxystrobin | Strobilurin | F | 7 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Bifenthrin | Pyrethroid | A, I | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Boscalid | Carboxamide | F | 1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 5 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 0.1 | ||||
| Carbofuran | Carbamate N-methyl | A, I, N | 4 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorothalonil | Organochloride | F | 4 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, M | 15 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyfluthrin | Pyrethroids | I | 6 | 0.17 ± 0.4 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin | Pyrethroids | I | 6 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.22 ± 0.16 | 0.01 | ||||
| Deltamethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 10 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Difenoconazol | Triazole | I | 5 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.1 | ||||
| Dimethoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Dimethomorph | Morpholine | F | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Ethion | Pyrethroids | I | 1 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenpropathrin | Pyrethroids | A, I | 22 | 0.20 ± 0.22 | 0.01 | ||||
| Hexaconazole | Triazole | F | 7 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Iprovalicarb | Carbamate | F | 1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Metalaxyl | Acylalanine | F | 5 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Organophosphate | A, I | 3 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methomyl | Oxime carbamate | A, I | 1 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Monocrotophos | Carbamate | I | 6 | 0.30 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Omethoate | Organophosphate | A, I | 9 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Phenthoate | Organophosphorus | A, I | 3 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propamocarb | Carbamate | F | 3 | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.01 | ||||
| Propargite | Unclassified | A | 2 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Pyraclostrobin | Pyrazole | F | 4 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Tebuconazole | Triazole | F | 3 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||
| Thiamethoxam | Neonicotinoid | I | 1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| 54. | Rambutan (252) | 33.3 % (84) | 66.7 % (168) | Acephate | Organophosphorus | I | 2 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Acetamiprid | Neonicotinoid | I | 8 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Azoxystrobin | Stribilurin | F | 2 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Bitertanol | Triazole | F | 2 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Boscalid | Carboxamide | F | 2 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Buprofezin | Unclassified | A, I | 2 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Carbendazim | Benzimidazole | F | 67 | 0.56 ± 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
| Chlorfenapyr | Arylepyrole | I | 1 | 0.13 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | Organophosphorus | A, I, M | 39 | 0.07 ± 0.07 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin | Pyrethroids | I | 3 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||
| Cyhalothrin Lambda | Pyrethroids | I | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroids | I | 139 | 0.4 ± 0.51 | 0.10 | ||||
| Deltamethrin | Pyrethroid ester | I | 2 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Etofenprox | Pyrethroid | I | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Fenarimol | Triazole | I | 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| Hexaconazole | Organophosphate | F | 21 | 0.09 ± 0.15 | 0.01 | ||||
| Methamidophos | Pyrethroids | A, I | 2 | 0.13 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Permethrin | Pyrethroid | I | 1 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| Dimethomorph | Morpholine | F | 2 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Prothiofos | Organochlorine | I, A | 1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Pyridaben | Pyridazinone | F | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||
| Tetraconazole | Traizole | F | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.02 | ||||
| 55. | Soursop (2) | 100.0% (2) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| 56. | Tamarind (8) | 100.0% (8) | 0.0 % | ND | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
A- Acaricide; F- Fungicide; H- Herbicide; I- Insecticide; M- Milicide; N- Nematicide; ∗PFD- Pesticide Frequency number of Detection; ND- Not Detected; NA- Not Applicable.