Table 4.
Logistic regression analyses of the association between leisure activities and successful aging stratified by age.
| Young-old adults (<80 years) |
Old-old adults (≥80 years) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | |
| Gardening work | ||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Sometimes | 0.77 (0.57–1.03) | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 2.01 (1.36–2.97)∗ | 1.52 (1.01–2.31)∗ |
| Usually | 1.93 (1.62–2.30)∗ | 1.69 (1.40–2.03)∗ | 2.62 (2.18–3.14)∗ | 1.83 (1.51–2.24)∗ |
| Reading newspapers or books | ||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Sometimes | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 1.34 (0.99–1.80) | 0.92 (0.67–1.28) |
| Usually | 2.00 (1.68–2.39)∗ | 1.60 (1.30–1.98)∗ | 2.25 (1.91–2.65)∗ | 1.36 (1.11–1.68)∗ |
| Raising domestic animals or pets | ||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Sometimes | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) | 0.92 (0.56–1.54) |
| Usually | 1.12 (0.91–1.27) | 1.10 (0.89–1.34) | 1.83 (1.53–2.18)∗ | 1.59 (1.31–1.93)∗ |
| Playing cards or mahjong | ||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Sometimes | 1.24 (0.98–1.57) | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 1.67 (1.25–2.22)∗ | 1.26 (0.93–1.71) |
| Usually | 1.81 (1.49–2.20)∗ | 1.59 (1.30–1.95)∗ | 2.81 (2.28–3.46)∗ | 2.30 (1.84–2.87)∗ |
| Watching TV or listening to radio | ||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Sometimes | 1.10 (0.75–1.61) | 1.00 (0.68–1.49) | 1.10 (0.82–1.47) | 0.87 (0.65–1.18) |
| Usually | 1.95 (1.55–2.45)∗ | 1.53 (1.20–1.95)∗ | 2.70 (2.32–3.16)∗ | 1.79 (1.51–2.12)∗ |
| Participating in social activities | ||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Sometimes | 1.30 (1.06–1.60)∗ | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 2.30 (1.82–2.90)∗ | 1.35 (0.99–1.86) |
| Usually | 1.74 (1.34–2.26)∗ | 1.37 (1.04–1.81)∗ | 2.26 (1.69–3.02)∗ | 1.54 (1.19–1.99)∗ |
| Number of leisure activities | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.17 (0.89–1.53) | 1.07 (0.81–1.42) | 2.16 (1.82–2.58)∗ | 1.72 (1.43–2.07)∗ |
| 2 | 1.97 (1.51–2.58)∗ | 1.72 (1.31–2.28)∗ | 4.33 (3.58–5.25)∗ | 2.89 (2.35–3.56)∗ |
| 3 | 2.91 (2.17–3.92)∗ | 2.31 (1.70–3.15)∗ | 5.44 (4.26–6.95)∗ | 3.16 (2.41–4.15)∗ |
| 4 | 3.30 (2.23–4.87)∗ | 2.33 (1.55–3.51)∗ | 9.75 (6.27–15.17)∗ | 4.81 (3.00–7.70)∗ |
| 5–6 | 5.46 (2.68–11.14)∗ | 3.68 (1.77–7.62)∗ | 6.57 (3.10–13.89)∗ | 3.42 (1.55–7.55)∗ |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidential intervals.
∗ Statistical significance (p < 0.05).
a
Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, residence, co-residence, smoking, drinking, exercise, education level, marital status, and occupation before age 60.