Table 2.
Socio-demographic and clinical data of participants
| Variable | Intervention group (n = 16) | Control group (n = 18) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 70.00 ± 4.41 | 74.56 ± 5.42* |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 15 | 13 |
| Male | 1 | 5 |
| Religion | ||
| Buddhist | 4 | 6 |
| Catholic | 1 | 0 |
| Taoist | 8 | 6 |
| Christian | 2 | 1 |
| Others | 1 | 5 |
| Years of education (Mean ± SD) | 6.25 ± 2.60 | 5.44 ± 3.59 |
| Education level | ||
| None | 0 | 2 |
| Primary | 10 | 11 |
| Secondary | 6 | 4 |
| Pre-U/University | 0 | 1 |
| Employment Status | ||
| No former employment/ retired | 9 | 13 |
| Part-time | 5 | 2 |
| Housewife | 2 | 3 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Single | 3 | 1 |
| Married | 7 | 11 |
| Divorced/Separated | 3 | 0 |
| Widowed | 3 | 6 |
| No of children | 2.06 ± 1.34 | 2.39 ± 1.69 |
| Living Arrangement | ||
| Alone | 8 | 6 |
| Spouse/older family member | 7 | 10 |
| Unrelated person | 1 | 2 |
| Housing Type | ||
| 1 or 2-room | 2 | 2 |
| 3-room | 8 | 6 |
| 4-room | 3 | 2 |
| 5-room | 3 | 8 |
| House ownership | ||
| Self-owned | 13 | 17 |
| Family members/ rental | 3 | 1 |
| Disposable income per month | ||
| < $500 | 3 | 6 |
| $500-$750 | 5 | 4 |
| $751-$1000 | 1 | 3 |
| > $1000 | 7 | 5 |
| No. of medical conditions | 2.52 ± 2.31 | 2.56 ± 2.01 |
| Hypertension | 9 | 8 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 | 5 |
| Diabetes | 2 | 2 |
| Heart Problems | 0 | 2 |
| Asthma | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis | 6 | 6 |
| Cancer | 1 | 3 |
| Kidney Problems | 1 | 0 |
| Stroke | 1 | 1 |
| Cataract | 6 | 11 |
| Depression | 1 | 0 |
| History of falls | 8 | 5 |
| BMI | 23.58 ± 3.97 | 24.50 ± 3.91 |
| WHR | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.77 |
| MOCA score | 26.63 ± 1 .50 | 25.33 ± 2.77 |
| GDS score | 2.19 ± 2.14 | 2.61 ± 2.10 |
BMI Body Mass Index, WHR Waist Hip Ratio, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, GDS Geriatric Depression Score
*P-value for t-test or Pearson Chi-square ≤ 0.05