Table 1.

Summary of 24-hour mortality of Anopheles funestus mosquitoes in tests of adults collected at different distances from aquatic habitats and exposed to deltamethrin or permethrin with or without the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)

Insecticide	Insecticide dose	Distance (m)	Mean mortality (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	p-value
		50–100	11% (5.96–20.23)	Ref.	Ref.
	1×	150–200	14% (7.78–23.15)	1.26 (0.49–3.22)	0.633
		> 200	41% (31.03–52.29)	5.54 (2.43–12.63)	< 0.001*
		50–100	46% (35.67–57.18)	Ref.	Ref.
Deltamethrin	5×	150–200	45% (34.50–55.97)	0.95 (0.51–1.77)	0.873
		> 200	54% (42.82–64.33)	1.35 (0.73–2.51)	0.343
		50–100	46% (35.67–57.18)	Ref.	Ref.
	10×	150–200	53% (41.61–63.16)	1.28 (0.69–2.39)	0.429
		> 200	60% (48.95–70.11)	1.74 (0.93–3.26)	0.082
		50–100	28% (18.84–38.26)	Ref.	Ref.
	1×	150–200	35% (25.38–46.02)	1.42 (0.72–2.78)	0.307
		> 200	44% (33.34–54.75)	2.05 (1.06–3.97)	0.033*
		50–100	36% (25.68–48.10)	Ref.	Ref.
Permethrin	5×	150–200	50% (38.31–61.70)	1.76 (0.93–3.31)	0.080
		> 200	58% (45.60–68.70)	2.38 (1.26–4.49)	0.008*
		50–100	51% (40.41–61.97)	Ref.	Ref
	10×	150–200	68% (56.54–76.83)	1.98 (1.04–3.75)	0.037*
		> 200	79% (68.44–86.36)	3.53 (1.76–7.04)	< 0.001*
		50–100	82% (69.85–89.55)	Ref.	Ref.
Permethrin + PBO	PBO	150–200	93% (83.54–97.48)	3.14 (0.94–10.51)	0.063
		> 200	92% (81.49–96.49)	2.47 (0.80–7.61)	0.115
		50–100	85% (73.61–92.01)	Ref.	Ref.
Deltamethrin + PBO	PBO	150–200	98% (89.10–99.77)	10.41 (1.28–85.00)	0.029*
		> 200	95% (85.61–98.38)	3.35 (0.86–13.07)	0.081

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Insecticide dose: fold increase on standard dose; Reference distance (Ref): 50-100 m; * denotes statistical significance at p = 0.05, relative to the reference distance