Table 2.

Increased PPI curvature pathways in melanoma.

Pathway name	$\#$gene	FDR	$\mathrm{\Delta }$Ric${}_{\text{2D}}$
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response	22	1.36e−4	+ 51.70
Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins	12	1.36e−4	+ 47.27
Post-translational protein phosphorylation	20	3.52e−4	+ 125.63
Attenuation phase	13	3.52e−4	+ 63.82
Processing of DNA double-strand break ends	18	3.52e−4	+ 169.67
Cellular response to heat stress	22	3.59e−4	+ 51.69
L1CAM interactions	21	6.13e−4	+ 56.87
Elastic fibre formation	12	6.28e−4	+ 42.76
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint	16	6.28e−4	+ 183.55
Extracellular matrix organization	37	7.67e−4	+ 58.11

Using vertex curvature of the 2D PPI network model, genes with significantly increasing curvature values compared between normal and tumor cells were fed into Reactome Pathway Analysis. Top 10 enriched pathways are summarized by pathway name, number of significant genes, false-determination rate (FDR), and average shift in curvature ($\mathrm{\Delta }$Ric${}_{\text{2D}}$).