Table 2.

Cross-Sectional Association of COVID-19 on Pregnancy Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior using a Fixed Impact Date

Variable	Early Pregnancy		Mid Pregnancy		Late Pregnancy
	β (95% CI)a	p-value	β (95% CI)a	p-value	β (95% CI)a	p-value
ActiGraph Measures
Total vector magnitude (1000 counts/day)	-91.8 (-458.4, 274.8)	0.62	106.2 (-269.5, 483.4)	0.57	-149.7 (-530.1, 242.9)	0.48
Average Steps/day	-573.0 (-2134.0, 987.6)	0.46	-124.7 (-1623.4, 1378.3)	0.87	-880.0 (-2412.9, 712.7)	0.29
Sedentary Time
min/day	17.8 (-27.0, 62.6)	0.43	5.1 (-42.9, 53.1)	0.84	16.3 (-33.5, 65.0)	0.54
% time	1.9 (-3.5, 7.4)	0.48	0.6 (-5.5, 6.7)	0.85	1.5 (-4.8, 7.6)	0.66
Locomotion (Walking/Running)
min/day	-2.2 (-7.8, 3.4)	0.43	-5.0 (-12.3, 2.3)	0.18	-5.4 (-11.3,1.0)	0.1
% time	-0.3 (-1.0, 0.5)	0.48	-0.6 (-1.4, 0.3)	0.21	-0.6 (-1.3, 0.2)	0.14
PPAQ Measures (MET-hrs/wk)
Meeting ACOG guidelines* (%)	0.1 (-2.1, 2.4)	0.9	1.6 (-2.6, 9.5)	0.4	0.6 (-3.0, 5.0)	0.72
Total physical activity	7.8 (-14.6, 30.0)	0.5	4.1 (-26.4, 34.5)	0.79	18.3 (-13.6, 52.1)	0.24
By type
Household/Caregiving	-1.4 (-20.7, 18.0)	0.89	23.3 (-0.7, 47.3)	0.06	12.7 (-3.9, 33.3)	0.12
Sport/Exercise	5.2 (-0.5, 10.2)	0.08	-0.5 (-6.3, 5.4)	0.87	0.5 (-3.1, 3.9)	0.9
Occupational	5.3 (-10.5, 20.8)	0.52	-21.9 (-47.3, 3.6)	0.09	-12.5 (-36.1, 10.6)	0.28
Transportation	-4.5 (-11.3, 2.2)	0.18	-8.1 (-14.5, -1.6)	0.02	-2.6 (-9.0, 3.7)	0.41
By intensity
Light	-4.0 (-19.1, 10.8)	0.57	-6.4 (-21.9, 9.1)	0.41	-0.6 (-11.2, 10.6)	0.95
Moderate	-1.8 (-16.5, 13.0)	0.81	8.2 (-11.2, 27.6)	0.4	21.6 (-1.5, 45.9)	0.07
Vigorous	0.3 (-2.4, 3.1)	0.8	-2.5 (-6.7, 1.7)	0.23	-0.6 (-2.8, 1.4)	0.52
Sedentary	14.2 (2.3, 26.0)	0.02	4.8 (-11.9, 1.5)	0.57	-1.6 (-15.1, 12.2)	0.83

^*American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of ≥ 7.5 MET hours/week of moderate-vigorous intensity sports and exercise

^aModels adjusted for age, BMI, gestational age, and parity. ActiGraph measures were also adjusted for wear time