Fig. 3.

Grooved patterns regulate macrophage elongation. A Macrophage morphology and quantification of BMDMs elongation factor on Ti substrate with varied grating patterns and nonpatterned control. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [143]. Copyright 2015, ACS Publications. B Nanogrooved substrate characterizations and morphology of RAW264.7 cultured on substrates with different groove pitches for 24 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [144]. Copyright 2012, Elsevier. C Morphology changes of RAW 264.7 cultured on 3 different types of polymers, PCL, PLA and PDMS gratings. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [145]. Copyright 2010, Elsevier