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. 2022 Nov 30;17:5781–5807. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S369373

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© 2022 Shamsi et al.

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(A) UV-Vis absorbance spectra of GA, GO, and GAGO samples, (B) Raman spectra of GO, GAGO, and Gr obtained using 532 nm diode laser excitation. The G band is a result of in-plane vibrations of sp² bonded carbon atoms, while the D band represents plane vibrations attributed to the presence of structural defects, (C) XRD patterns of GO, GAGO, and GA measured at 40 kV and 40 mA with a scanning rate of 5°/min and 2ϴ angles ranging from 5° to 60°.