Table 1.

Health Outcomes, Health Care Utilization, and Expenditures Among Hospital Deliveries Complicated by CKD, National Inpatient Sample 2006–2015

	All Other Hospital Deliveries (n = 7,903,799)	CKD
		Non-ESKD CKD (n = 2,322)	ESKD-Dialysis (n = 273)	ESKD-Transplantation (n = 426)
Adj OR (95% CI) for clinical outcomes
Preterm deliverya	1.0 (reference)	4.1 (3.7–4.6)	14.0 (10.9–18.0)	7.0 (5.7–8.6)
Cesarean delivery	1.0 (reference)	2.1 (1.9–2.2)	3.1 (2.4–4.0)	2.4 (1.9–2.9)
Severe maternal morbidity/mortality	1.0 (reference)	5.8 (4.8–6.9)	22.2 (16.7–29.4)	6.0 (4.2–8.5)
Blood transfusion	1.0 (reference)	5.9 (4.8–72)	20.3 (15.0–27.5)	7.5 (5.2–10.7)
Health care utilization
Adj OR (95% CI) for hospital transfer	1.0 (reference)	4.5 (3.4–5.8)	NA	NA
Length of stay, db	2.6 (2.6–2.7)	5.8 (5.4–6.1)	10.9 (9.2–12.7)	5.7 (4.9–6.4)
Health care expenditures: cost per delivery hospitalizationc	$4,400 ($4,300–$4,500)	$8,100 ($7,700–$8,500)	$25,000 ($20,000–$30,000)	$9,300 ($8,300–$10,300)

Note: N = 7,906,820. Observations are presented as unweighted N. Results are survey weighted unless otherwise noted. All models are adjusted for age, income, payer, rural versus urban residence, and hospital region.

Abbreviations and definitions: Adj, adjusted; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable, based on HCUP reporting requirements (<10 cases identified); CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; OR, odds ratio.

^aDelivery at less than 37 weeks’ gestational age.

^bPredicted means, reported with 95% CIs.

^cCosts are inflation-adjusted to 2015 US dollars and are reported as predicted means with 95% CIs.