Table 2.

Difference in prevalence of selected^a health and well-being measures between test-positives and test-negatives at 12 months, by time symptom first reported.

Prevalence difference at 12 months in test-positives and test-negatives (95% CI)
Shortness of breath
First reported at:
0 months	5.43 (4.49, 6.36)
6 months	4.30 (2.89, 5.71)
12 months	0.44 (−1.10, 1.98)
Tiredness
First reported at:
0 months	13.75 (12.33, 15.16)
6 months	3.21 (1.12, 5.28)
12 months	−4.50 (−6.44, −2.56)
Having pain or discomfortb
First reported at:
0 months	−1.79 (−3.19, −0.38)
6 months	1.71 (0.67, 2.75)
12 months	0.21 (−1.37, 1.80)
Difficulty doing usual activitiesb
First reported at:
0 months	−1.52 (−2.64, −0.39)
6 months	2.23 (1.26, 3.20)
12 months	1.08 (- 0.28, 2.44)
Mental healthc
High/very high total difficulties
First reported at:
6 months	−1.98 (−3.79, −0.16)
12 months	0.17 (−1.31, 1.64)
High/very high emotional difficulties
First reported at:
6 months	−1.61 (−3.77, 0.55)
12 months	−0.39 (−2.13, 1.34)
High/very high hyperactivity
First reported at:
6 months	−0.40 (−2.19, 1.38)
12 months	−0.07 (−1.52, 1.38)
High/very high peer difficulties
First reported at:
6 months	−3.02 (−4.95, −1.10)
12 months	−1.44 (−3.09, 0.20)
High/very high impact
First reported at:
6 months	−2.51 (−4.41, −0.60)
12 months	−0.18 (−1.84, 1.48)
Poor well-beingc
First reported at:
6 months	−3.30 (−5.68, −0.92)
12 months	1.61 (−0.39, 3.60)
Severe fatiguec
First reported at:
6 months	4.30 (1.94, 6.65)
12 months	−1.49 (−3.43, 0.46)
Long COVIDc
First reported at:
6 months	6.25 (4.42, 8.07)
12 months	−0.30 (−2.05, 1.45)

Calculated as: % with symptom at 12 months in test-positives - % with symptom at 12 months in test-negatives.

^aSelected based on (i) overall prevalence increasing from baseline to 12 months and (ii) prevalence in test-positives >10% at least twice.

^bFrom EQ-5D-Y.

^cUsing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, Chalder Fatigue Scale and operationalisation of the Delphi definition of Long COVID respectively (see Supplementary Table S1 for details).