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. 2022 Nov 21;13:1010961. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010961

Table 2.

Results from General Linear Models (GLM) and PERMANOVAs with antimicrobial activity (average values of the width of antagonistic halos when tested against each of the nine indicator bacteria), antimicrobial range (Shannon index of the antimicrobial activity), bacterial density and the antimicrobial profile as dependent variables.

General Linear Models (GLM) PERMANOVA
Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial range Bacterial density Antimicrobial profile
F df P F df p F df p Pseudo-F df p
Species 4.14 8,173 <0.001 9.17 8,173 <0.001 6.89 8,164 <0.001 3.7 8,165 <0.001
Age 35.19 1,173 <0.001 12.87 1,173 <0.001 52.97 8,164 <0.001 9.56 1,165 <0.001
Species*Age 1.86 8,165 0.07 3.7 8,165 <0.001 2.89 8,156 0.005 1.61 8,165 0.003

Species identity and age (nestlings vs. adults) were used as the independent factors. The interaction between species identity and age was explored in separate models that also included main effects. Values in bold are statistically significant.