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. 2022 Nov 21;16:1015749. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1015749

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Copyright © 2022 Kearney and Lanius.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A,B) Good versus poor somatic sensory integration during development with a secure versus insecure attachment figure, respectively. (A) Healthy brainstem level multisensory integration as a result of attuned, nurturing, somatic sensory-rich caregiving provides the foundation for higher-order limbic and cortical capacities. (B) An overwhelmed or malnourished brainstem due to abusive or neglectful caregiving. The child does not receive comforting touch or attuned rhythmical movement with a safe affective caregiver. Somatic sensory experiences are paired with unsafe or insecure attachment relationships, which has cascading aversive effects on higher-order limbic and cortical capacities.