Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author | Year | Region | Study design | Gestational age | Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armanian | 2019 | Iran | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (2.5–3 L/min, n = 35); nCPAP (5–6 cm H2O, n = 37) |
| Chen | 2015 | China | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (2–8 L/min, n = 34); nCPAP (5–7 cm H2O, n = 32) |
| Ciuffini | 2014 | Italy | RCT | 29–36 weeks | HHHFNC (4–6 L/min, n = 85); nCPAP (4–6 cm H2O, n = 92) |
| Demirel | 2019 | Turkey | RCT | <32 weeks | HHHFNC (6–8 L/min, n = 53); nCPAP (6–7 cm H2O, n = 54) |
| Farhat | 2018 | Iran | RCT | 28–34 weeks | HHHFNC (2–5 L/min, n = 54); nCPAP (6–8 cm H2O, n = 53) |
| Feng | 2016 | China | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (n = 62); nCPAP (n = 68) “detailed parameters” was not provided. |
| Kadivar | 2016 | Iran | RCT | 28–34 weeks | HHHFNC (2–4 L/min, n = 27); nCPAP (5–8 cm H2O, n = 27) |
| Lavizzari | 2016 | Italy | RCT | 29–36weeks | HHHHFNC (4–6 L/min, n = 158); nCPAP (4–6 cm H2O, n = 158) |
| Li | 2014 | China | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (6–8 L/min, n = 21); nCPAP (4–6 cm H2O, n = 20) |
| Manley | 2019 | Australia | RCT | 31–34 weeks | HHHFNC (6–8 L/min, n = 72); nCPAP (6–8 cm H2O, n = 68) |
| Mostafa- | 2015 | Iran | RCT | 30–34 weeks | HHHFNC (6 L/min, n = 42); nCPAP (5–6 cm H2O, n = 43) |
| Murki | 2018 | India | RCT | 28–37 weeks | HHHFNC (5–7 L/min, n = 133); nCPAP (5–7 cm H2O, n = 139) |
| Öktem | 2021 | Turkey | RCT | <32 weeks | HHHFNC (initial 5 L/min, n = 20); nCPAP (5–6 cm H2O, n = 20) |
| Roberts | 2016 | Australia and Norway | RCT | 28–37 weeks | HFNC (6–8 L/min, n = 278); CPAP (6–8 cm H2O, n = 286) |
| Sharma | 2019 | India | RCT | 26–34 weeks | HHHFNC (n = 50); nCPAP (n = 50) “detailed parameters” was not provided. |
| Shin | 2017 | Korea | RCT | 30–35weeks | HHHFNC (3–7 L/min, n = 42); nCPAP (4–7 cm H2O, n = 43) |
| Shirvani | 2020 | Iran | RCT | <34 weeks | HHHFNC (3–7 L/min, n = 30); nCPAP (4–6 cm H2O, n = 30) |
| Shokouhi | 2019 | Iran | RCT | 28–36 weeks | HHHFNC (2–8 L/min, n = 30); nCPAP (4–8 cm H2O, n = 30) |
| Wang | 2013 | China | RCT | <32 weeks | HHHFNC (2–8 L/min, n = 30); nCPAP (4–8 cm H2O, n = 30) |
| Wang | 2021 | China | RCT | 28–32 weeks | HHHFNC (3–8 L/min, n = 62); nCPAP (3–8 cm H2O, n = 63) |
| Yan | 2020 | China | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (2–8 L/min, n = 47); nCPAP (4–8 cm H2O, n = 47) |
| Yao | 2019 | China | RCT | <35 weeks | HHHFNC (6–8 L/min, n = 47); nCPAP (5–7 cm H2O, n = 47) |
| Yoder | 2013 | US | RCT | 28–32 weeks | HHHFNC (3–8 L/min, n = 75); nCPAP (5–8 cm H2O, n = 75) |
| Yu | 2018 | China | RCT | <36 weeks | HHHFNC (1–7 L/min, n = 55); nCPAP (n = 55) |
| Zhai | 2019 | China | RCT | 28–37 weeks | HHHFNC (4–6 L/min, n = 38); nCPAP (4–6 cm H2O, n = 35) |
| Zhang | 2017 | China | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (2–8 L/min, n = 44); nCPAP (5–7 cm H2O, n = 45) |
| Zhang | 2019 | China | RCT | <37 weeks | HHHFNC (2–8 L/min, n = 40); nCPAP (5–7 cm H2O, n = 40) |
HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; HHHFNC, heated humidified high flow nasal cannula; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; nCPAP, nasal continuous positive airway pressure.