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. 2022 Nov 30;18:17455057221140209. doi: 10.1177/17455057221140209

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© The Author(s) 2022

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Risk factors and pathophysiology for HFpEF in women.

Summary of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms for HFpEF in women, including oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and myocardial dysfunction. Summary of traditional and sex-specific risk factors for HFpEF in women. HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; RAAS: renin angiotensin aldosterone system; LV: left ventricular; CAD: coronary artery disease; SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin; HDP: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.