Table 1.
Baseline descriptive characteristics for participants overall and by multidimensional trajectory groups, Health & Retirement Study 1998-2016.
| Overall Total (N = 11,565) | Minimal Impairment with Low Multimorbidity (N = 3771) | Minimal Impairment with High Multimorbidity (N = 3878) | Multidomain Impairment with Intermediate Multimorbidity (N = 2291) | Multidomain Impairment with High Multimorbidity (N = 1625) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White, n (%) | 9125 (78.90) | 3287 (87.17) | 3269 (84.30) | 1535 (67.00) | 1034 (63.63) |
| Non-Hispanic Black, n (%) | 1550 (13.40) | 283 (7.50) | 410 (10.57) | 474 (20.69) | 383 (23.57) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 890 (7.70) | 201 (5.33) | 199 (5.13) | 282 (12.31) | 208 (12.80) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 69.32 (5.52) | 70.79 (6.34) | 68.28 (4.70) | 69.74 (5.59) | 67.81 (4.12) |
| Male, n (%) | 4805 (41.55) | 1537 (40.76) | 1792 (46.21) | 899 (39.24) | 577 (35.51) |
| Female, n (%) | 6760 (58.45) | 2234 (59.24) | 2086 (53.79) | 1392 (60.76) | 1048 (64.49) |
| < High school, n (%) | 2798 (24.19) | 581 (15.41) | 576 (14.85) | 932 (40.68) | 709 (43.63) |
| High school graduate, n (%) | 6192 (53.54) | 2109 (55.93) | 2256 (58.17) | 1083 (47.27) | 744 (45.78) |
| ≥ Some college, n (%) | 2575 (22.27) | 1081 (28.67) | 1046 (26.97) | 276 (12.05) | 172 (10.58) |
| Wealth (1000s USD), median (IQR) | 179.60 (396.75) | 271.00 (487.50) | 223.00 (455.38) | 111.00 (244.60) | 59.80 (169.20) |
| US Born, n (%) | 961 (8.31) | 3471 (92.04) | 3639 (93.84) | 2034 (88.78) | 1460 (89.85) |
| Foreign born, n (%) | 10604 (91.69) | 300 (7.96) | 239 (6.16) | 257 (11.22) | 165 (10.15) |
| Coupled, n (%) | 7884 (68.17) | 2620 (69.48) | 2857 (73.67) | 1443 (62.99) | 964 (59.32) |
| Not coupled, n (%) | 3681 (31.83) | 1151 (30.52) | 1021 (26.33) | 848 (37.01) | 661 (40.68) |
| Never smoker, n (%) | 4919 (42.53) | 1842 (48.85) | 1515 (39.07) | 966 (42.16) | 596 (36.68) |
| Past smoker, n (%) | 5268 (45.55) | 1593 (42.24) | 1962 (50.59) | 970 (42.34) | 743 (45.72) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1378 (11.92) | 336 (8.91) | 401 (10.34) | 355 (15.50) | 286 (17.60) |
| Under weight, n (%) | 141 (1.22) | 66 (1.75) | 30 (0.77) | 22 (0.96) | 23 (1.42) |
| Normal weight, n (%) | 3612 (31.23) | 1644 (43.60) | 966 (24.91) | 723 (31.56) | 279 (17.17) |
| Overweight, n (%) | 4705 (40.68) | 1540 (40.84) | 1681 (43.35) | 949 (41.42) | 535 (32.92) |
| Obese, n (%) | 3107 (26.87) | 521 (13.82) | 1201 (30.97) | 597 (26.06) | 788 (48.49) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 2785 (24.08) | 312 (8.27) | 1312 (33.83) | 307 (13.40) | 854 (52.55) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6456 (55.82) | 1056 (28.00) | 2894 (74.63) | 1139 (49.72) | 1367 (84.12) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 635 (5.49) | 24 (0.64) | 226 (5.83) | 64 (2.79) | 321 (19.75) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1967 (17.01) | 104 (2.76) | 908 (23.41) | 237 (10.34) | 718 (44.18) |
| Lung Disease, n (%) | 1018 (8.80) | 65 (1.72) | 448 (11.55) | 90 (3.93) | 415 (25.54) |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 7076 (61.19) | 1300 (34.48) | 2871 (74.03) | 1463 (63.86) | 1442 (88.74) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 1428 (12.35) | 205 (5.44) | 757 (19.52) | 149 (6.50) | 317 (19.51) |
| Age at death, mean (SD) | 83.90 (7.25) | 87.52 (7.08) | 83.12 (6.77) | 83.77 (6.58) | 79.33 (5.98) |
Abbreviations: SD= standard deviation; IQR= interquartile range.