Table 4.

Comparison of test scores within groups

Student group	Test variable	Intervention		Test statistics (z)	Significance (p)	Effect size (r)
		Pre	Post
		Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Traditional (N = 19)	Conceptual knowledge	8.0 (7–9)	9.0 (9–10)	-2.770	0.006**	0.45
	Procedural knowledge	7.0 (7–9)	7.0 (7–9)	-0.926	0.355	0.15
	Total knowledge	16.0 (13–17)	17.0 (15–19)	-2.289	0.022*	0.37
Experimental (N = 22)	Conceptual knowledge	9.0 (6–9)	10.0 (9–10)	-2.677	0.007**	0.40
	Procedural knowledge	6.0 (4.75–7)	8.0 (7–9)	-2.915	0.004**	0.44
	Total knowledge	14.5 (11–16)	17.0 (17–19)	-3.141	0.002**	0.47

IQR: Interquartile Range, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01