Table 2.
Baseline demographics
| All participants | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 38.7 (14.1) | 37.7 (14.7) | 36.6 (14.5) | 39.7(11.8) | |
| BMI | 29.2 (6.9) | 29.3 (7.6) | 31.3 (6.7) | 27.5 (6.2) | |
| Sex | F | n = 55 (61%) | n = 21 (64%) | n = 16 (60%) | n = 18 (60%) |
| M | n = 35 (39%) | n = 12 (36%) | n = 11 (40%) | n = 12 (40%) | |
| Race | White | n = 56 (63%) | n = 22 (66%) | n = 16 (59%) | n = 18 (60%) |
| Black | n = 25 (27%) | n = 7 (21%) | n = 8 (30%) | n = 10 (33%) | |
| Asian | n = 3 (3%) | n = 1 (3%) | n = 0 (0%) | n = 2 (6%) | |
| Mixed race | n = 6 (7%) | n = 3 (10%) | n = 3 (11%) | n = 0 (0%) | |
| Smoking status | Never | n = 38 (42%) | n = 13 (39%) | n = 9 (33%) | n = 16 (53%) |
| Currently | n = 20 (22%) | n = 11 (34%) | n = 5 (19%) | n = 4 (14%) | |
| Past | n = 32 (36%) | n = 9 (27%) | n = 13 (48%) | n = 10 (33%) | |
| Exercise | No (1) | n = 6 (7%) | n = 4 (12%) | n = 0 (0%) | n = 2 (7%) |
| No (2) | n = 16 (18%) | n = 6 (18%) | n = 5 (18%) | n = 5 (17%) | |
| No (3) | n = 14 (16%) | n = 5 (15%) | n = 5 (18%) | n = 4 (13%) | |
| Yes (4) | n = 18 (20%) | n = 6 (18%) | n = 8 (30%) | n = 4 (13%) | |
| Yes (5) | n = 35 (39%) | n = 11 (33%) | n = 9 (34%) | n = 15 (50%) | |
| Missing | n = 1 (1%) | n = 1 (3.3%) | n = 0 (0%) | n = 0 (0%) | |
| General Health | Poor | n = 0 (0%) | n = 0 (0%) | n = 0 (0%) | n = 0 (0%) |
| Fair | n = 6 (7%) | n = 2 (6%) | n = 2 (7%) | n = 2 (6%) | |
| Good | n = 40 (44%) | n = 13 (39%) | n = 13 (48%) | n = 14 (47%) | |
| Very good | n = 37 (41%) | n = 17 (48%) | n = 10 (37%) | n = 11 (37%) | |
| Excellent | n = 6 (7%) | n = 1 (3%) | n = 2 (7%) | n = 3 (10%) | |
| Missing | n = 1 (1%) | n = 1 (3%) | n = 0 (0%) | n = 0 (0%) | |
| Pain Score | 5.7 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.4) | 6.1 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.4) | |
| ODI | 34.3 (9.3) | 33.8 (9.6) | 35.0 (10.2) | 33.9 (8.5) | |
All participants (n = 90); Group 1 (n = 33) = manual manipulation; Group 2 (n = 27) = mechanical manipulation; Group 3 (n = 30) = medical care
(1)= no intention to in the next 6 months; (2)= intention to in the next 6 months; (3)= intention to in the next 30 days; (4)= have been for LESS than 6 months; (5)= have been for MORE than 6 months
For Age, BMI, Pain score, and ODI, mean and (Standard Deviation) is reported
For Sex, Race, Smoking Status, Exercise and General Health, number of participants (n) and percentage within that category (%) is reported