Table 4.

Correlations between baseline biomarker levels and 4- week change in pain/disability scores

Biomarker	Treatment	Change in pain		Change in ODI
		r	p	r	p
NPY	Group 1	−.15	.430	−.13	.480
	Group 2	.19	.347	−.03	.857
	Group 3	−.29	.129	−.24	.202
E-Selectin	Group 1	.04	.834	−.00	.978
	Group 2	.10	.615	.38	.056
	Group 3	.07	.711	.08	.674
TNFα	Group 1	.16	.396	.28	.124
	Group 2	−.15	.449	.13	.516
	Group 3	.06	.741	−.18	.357
SubP	Group 1	−.00	.982	−.14	.436
	Group 2	.10	.612	.33	.095
	Group 3	.13	.494	.28	.186
RANTES	Group 1	.24	.197	−.04	.846
	Group 2	−.16	.434	−.01	.946
	Group 3	−.05	.783	−.26	.186
Vitamin D	Group 1	.24	.204	.33	.070
	Group 2	−.05	.812	−.24	.231
	Group 3	−.15	.443	−.02	.923
CRP	Group 1	−.26	.165	−.24	.199
	Group 2	.20	.311	.31	.111
	Group 3	.26	.179	.06	.748

Group 1 (n = 33) = manual manipulation Group 2 (n = 27) = mechanical manipulation Group 3 (n = 30 for pain; n = 29 for ODI) = medical care

NPY Neuropeptide Y, TNFα Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, SubP Substance P, RANTES Regulated upon activation, normal t-cell expressed and presumably secreted; D, CRP c-reactive protein, r Spearman’s correlation coefficient, ODI Oswestry Disability Index