Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the study population according to sex, ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010).
| Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (4,029) | % | n (4,439) | % | |
| Age* (years) | ||||
| 35 to 44 | 1,007 | 24.9 | 1,003 | 22.5 |
| 45 to 54 | 1,670 | 41.5 | 1,817 | 40.9 |
| 55 to 64 | 1,004 | 24.9 | 1,247 | 28.3 |
| 65 to 74 | 348 | 8.4 | 372 | 8.3 |
| Race/skin color*,** | ||||
| White | 2,154 | 53.4 | 2,353 | 53 |
| Brown (pardo) | 1,196 | 29.7 | 1,173 | 26.4 |
| Black | 498 | 12.3 | 716 | 16.1 |
| Asian | 75 | 1.8 | 122 | 2.7 |
| Indigenous | 54 | 1.4 | 29 | 0.6 |
| Educational attainment* | ||||
| University degree | 2,042 | 51.0 | 2,483 | 55.9 |
| High school | 1,340 | 33.0 | 1,582 | 35.7 |
| Completed elementary school | 329 | 8.2 | 219 | 4.9 |
| Incomplete elementary school | 318 | 7.8 | 155 | 3.5 |
| Smoking* | ||||
| Never smoked | 2,109 | 52.3 | 2,778 | 62.6 |
| Former smoker | 1,284 | 32.2 | 1,039 | 23.4 |
| Current smoker | 636 | 15.5 | 622 | 14 |
| Physical activity*,** | ||||
| None | 1,535 | 38.6 | 2,225 | 50.9 |
| Light intensity | 1,450 | 36.4 | 1,352 | 30.9 |
| Moderate intensity | 636 | 15.8 | 576 | 13.0 |
| High intensity | 359 | 8.9 | 221 | 5.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2)*,** | ||||
| Eutrophic (< 25) | 1,594 | 38.8 | 2,066 | 46.5 |
| Overweight (≥ 25.0 to 29.9) | 1,767 | 44.4 | 1,516 | 34.1 |
| Obese (≥ 30.0) | 665 | 16.7 | 855 | 19.2 |
| CRP level (mg/l)*** | 1.20 | 0.64-2.5 | 1.47 | 0.72-3.39 |
| Energy contribution from ultra-processed foods (kcal)*** | 638.2 | 427.3-936.6 | 566.7 | 384.9-808.8 |
*Data expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. The percentages are rounded, making the total percentage for each characteristic not always equal to 100%. **There may be differences in totals due to loss of information. ***Continuous variables. Data expressed as medians and interquartile ranges. BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein.