Table 2. Median C-reactive protein level and interquartile range (IQR) according to sociodemographic characteristics, behaviors, anthropometric measurements, health conditions and consumption of ultra-processed foods, ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010) .
| C-reactive protein level (mg/l) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 4,029) Median (IQR) | P-value | Female (n = 4,439) Median (IQR) | P-value | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 35 to 44 | 0.98 | (0.56-2.14) | 0.0001 | 1.25 | (0.58-3.40) | 0.0002 |
| 45 to 54 | 1.26 | (0.68-2.66) | 1.46 | (0.74-3.40) | ||
| 55 to 64 | 1.32 | (0.70-2.55) | 1.55 | (0.78-3.37) | ||
| 65 to 74 | 1.24 | (0.70-3.11) | 1.78 | (0.90-3.40) | ||
| Race/skin color | ||||||
| White | 1.18 | (0.64-2.37) | 0.0003 | 1.47 | (0.71-3.29) | 0.0001 |
| Brown | 1.29 | (0.68-2.76) | 1.43 | (0.72-3.28) | ||
| Black | 1.22 | (0.66-2.82) | 1.96 | (0.83-4.45) | ||
| Asian | 0.77 | (0.39-1.52) | 0.92 | (0.43-1.72) | ||
| Indigenous | 1.25 | (0.68-2.54) | 1.08 | (0.81-2.26) | ||
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| University degree | 1.05 | (0.60-2.14) | 0.0001 | 1.33 | (0.66-3.07) | 0.0001 |
| High school | 1.30 | (0.69-2.68) | 1.65 | (0.77-3.82) | ||
| Completed elementary school | 1.33 | (0.72-3.03) | 1.93 | (0.89-4.39) | ||
| Incomplete elementary school | 1.80 | (0.83-3.63) | 2.14 | (1.03-5.16) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never smoked | 1.05 | (0.59-2.13) | 0.0001 | 1.41 | (0.69-3.28) | 0.0003 |
| Former smoker | 1.23 | (0.68-2.64) | 1.55 | (0.76-3.34) | ||
| Current smoker | 1.81 | (0.93-3.65) | 1.81 | (0.79-3.95) | ||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| None | 1.41 | (0.71-3.02) | 0.0001 | 1.77 | (0.81-3.98) | 0.0001 |
| Light intensity | 1.17 | (0.65-2.37) | 1.40 | (0.71-3.03) | ||
| Moderate intensity | 1.03 | (0.58-2.06) | 1.11 | (0.59-2.65) | ||
| High intensity | 0.99 | (0.53-2.14) | 1.03 | (0.48-1.99) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Eutrophic | 0.86 | (0.48-1.73) | 0.0001 | 0.92 | (0.49-1.90) | 0.0001 |
| Overweight | 1.30 | (0.73-2.64) | 1.76 | (0.93-3.34) | ||
| Obese | 1.97 | (1.12-3.98) | 3.91 | (1.98-6.98) | ||
| Percentage energy contribution from ultra-processed foods | ||||||
| Tercile 1 (lowest) | 1.22 | (0.67-2.61) | 0.09 | 1.45 | (0.69-3.24) | 0.3000 |
| Tercile 2 | 1.20 | (0.64-2.53) | 1.47 | (0.72-3.42) | ||
| Tercile 3 (highest) | 1.18 | (0.62-2.32) | 1.50 | (0.74-3.59) | ||
Median (IQR): median and interquartile range. The differences between median C-reactive protein levels according to variables were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences were considered significant at P-values < 0.05. BMI = body mass index (kg/m2).