Foley 2008.
Methods | RCT (parallel group) | |
Participants | Recruited from media advertisements, pamphlet and poster displays and psychiatric referrals with major depressive episode. Age range 18 ‐ 55, mean age and gender data not stated N = 23 |
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Interventions | 1. Moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise. Each session lasted 30 ‐ 40 minutes (n = 10) 2. Mild‐intensity stretching (n = 13) 12‐week programme of 3 supervised sessions per week |
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Outcomes | Beck Depression Inventory Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating scale |
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Notes | Intention‐to‐treat analysis Small sample size with insufficient power to detect small differences |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) participants | Unclear risk | Participants were not blind to treatment allocation, but it is unclear what effect this has had on bias. |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) those delivering intervention | Unclear risk | Those delivering intervention were not blind, but it is unclear what effect this had on bias |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) outcome assessors | High risk | Self report BDI |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | 10/23 dropped out (2/10 in exercise arm and 8/13 in stretching) |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | From the study report, it appears that all prespecified outcome measures have been reported; no protocol |
Other bias | Unclear risk | Unclear |