Williams 2008.

Methods	RCT
Participants	Residents recruited from 8 long‐term care facilities if clinical evidence of Alzheimer's Disease dementia and depression Mean age 87.9 (range 71 to 101) 89% women N = 45
Interventions	1. Comprehensive exercise ‐ strength, balance, flexibility and walking (n = 16) 2. Supervised walking at pace of individual (n = 17) 3. Control group of casual conversation (n = 12) Intervention delivered individually 5 days per week for 16 weeks
Outcomes	Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia
Notes	Analysis intention‐to‐treat Substantial drop‐out rate
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of random sequence generation not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Adequate. Participants were assigned a code number, which was drawn by a research assistant who had no access to pretest results
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) participants	Unclear risk	Participants not blind, though effect on bias unclear
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) those delivering intervention	Unclear risk	Those delivering intervention were not blind, unclear risk on bias
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) outcome assessors	Low risk	Observational assessment by raters blind to treatment group allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	9/45 dropped out (1/16 in comprehensive exercise group, 6/17 in walking group, 2/12 in conversation)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	All prespecified outcome seem to be reported (although we do not have the trial protocol)
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear

BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; BRMS: Bech‐Rafaelsen Scale; CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy; CES‐D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; DSM‐IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition; HRSD/HAM‐D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation