Table 1.
Univariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of cases or controls (n = 3999) and multivariate model for TB cases.
| Factors | Descriptive statistics | Univariate testa | Multivariate test b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (%) | Cases (%) | χ 2 (p value) | p value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
| Age | Median (IQR) | 35 (29) | 30 (28) | 0.461 | 1.001 (0.998–1.003) | |
| BMI | Median (IQR) | 20.7 (5.6) | 18.5 (5.2) | <0.001 | 0.961 (0.954–0.968) | |
| Gender | Females | 14.1 | 39.6 | 329.46 (<0.001) | <0.001 | 2.065 (1.922–2.219) |
| Males | 85.9 | 60.4 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Marital status | Single | 31.5 | 37.5 | 15.58 (<0.001) | 0.003 | 1.214 (1.109–1.328) |
| Married | 68.5 | 62.5 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Employment | Unemployed | 39.5 | 46.6 | 77.44 (<0.001) | ||
| Employed | 60.5 | 53.4 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Provincial distribution | Punjabi | 63.5 | 75.1 | 61.80 (<0.001) | <0.001 | 1.277 (1.189–1.373) |
| Non-Punjabi | 36.5 | 24.9 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Socioeconomic status | <25000 | 91.7 | 87.2 | 125.41 (<0.001) | 0.937 | 0.995 (0.858–1.162) |
| 25001–40000 | 1.0 | 8.0 | <0.001 | 1.935 (1.616–2.323) | ||
| >40000 | 7.3 | 4.8 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Educational status | Higher secondary | 31.2 | 33.2 | 10.03 (<0.001) | 0.803 | 1.010 (0.934–1.093) |
| Secondary | 33.0 | 28.4 | 0.060 | 0.925 (0.853–1.003) | ||
| Uneducated | 35.8 | 38.4 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| BCG vaccinated | 22.6 | 27.3 | 11.74 (<0.001) | |||
| HIV positive | 0.1 | 0.25 | 1.50 (0.10) | |||
| Positive family history | 20.1 | 25 | 13.41 (<0.001) | 0.239 | 1.044 (0.971–1.122) | |
| Smokers | 14.7 | 21.75 | 32.79 (<0.001) | <0.001 | 1.567 (1.435–1.710) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.0 | 8.1 | 6.73 (<0.001) | 0.023 | 1.142 (1.017–1.278) | |
| Cardiac vascular diseases | 99.1 | 1.8 | 0.63 (0.01) | |||
a Pearson chi-square test was used for association of factors with cases and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. b The multivariate regression model was used for the association of risk factors with cases. Only those factors were included in the model whose correlation coefficient is <0.6.