Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | TEAS Group (n=273) | Control Group (n=274) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.820 | ||
| Male | 107(39.2) | 110(40.1) | |
| Female | 166(60.8) | 164(59.9) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 68.7(3.0) | 68.7(3.0) | 0.951 |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 164.1(7.6) | 165.4(8.2) | 0.051 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 67.54(11.3) | 68.6(10.4) | 0.24 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.0(3.6) | 25.0(3.3) | 0.911 |
| Creatinine | 69.9(19.7) | 70(19.2) | 0.714 |
| Coexisting medical conditions | |||
| Hypertension | 149(54.6) | 140(51.1) | 0.414 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 62(22.7) | 59(21.5) | 0.740 |
| Current smoker | 44(16.1) | 50(18.2) | 0.509 |
| Alcohol use | 19(7.0) | 20(7.3) | 0.877 |
| Preoperative preparation | |||
| Enema | 125(45.8) | 127(46.4) | 0.895 |
| Fasting | 20(7.3) | 19(6.9) | 0.859 |
| Surgical characteristics | |||
| Operative time, median (IQR), h | 0.9(0.6–1.2) | 0.9(0.7–1.2) | 0.685 |
| Intravenous fluid, median (IQR), mL | 750.0(700.0–800.0) | 750.0(700.0–850.0) | 0.839 |
| Blood loss, median (IQR), mL | 50.0(50.0–50.0) | 50.0(30.0–50.0) | 0.729 |
| Intraoperative opioid dosage, intravenous morphine equivalents, median (IQR), mg | 30.0(25.0–30.0) | 30.0(25.0–35.0) | 0.180 |
| PCIA | 243(90.3) | 251(91.6) | 0.305 |
| Postoperative opioid dosage, intravenous morphine equivalents, median (IQR), mg | 110.0(90.0–110.0) | 110.0(90.0–110.0) | 0.234 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; PCIA, patient controlled intravenous analgesia; TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.