Table 2.
Postoperative Voiding and Recovery Indicators
| Outcomes | TEAS Group (n=273) | Control Group (n=274) | p -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| POUR | 23(8.4) | 41(15.0) | 0.017 |
| Voiding difficulty | 61(22.3) | 129(47.1) | <0.001 |
| Oliguria | 6(2.2) | 6(2.2) | 0.995 |
| Nocturia | 62(22.7) | 98(35.8) | 0.001 |
| Catheterization rate | 23(8.4) | 41(15.0) | 0.017 |
| CRBD a | 3(1.1) | 11(4.0) | 0.031 |
| Mild | 2(0.7) | 3(1.1) | 0.656 |
| Moderate | 1(0.4) | 4(1.5) | 0.179 |
| Severe | 0 | 4(1.5) | 0.045 |
| Agitation | 5(1.8) | 14(5.1) | 0.036 |
| Delirium | 1(0.4) | 3(1.1) | 0.317 |
| Vomiting | 72(26.4) | 69(25.2) | 0.750 |
| NRS pain score, median (IQR) | 5(4–6) | 5(4–6) | 0.104 |
| Mobilization within 24 hours after surgery | 165(60.4) | 145(49.3) | 0.009 |
| Hospitalization duration, median (IQR), d | 8(7–11) | 9(6.8–12) | 0.129 |
| Hospitalization cost, median (IQR), yuan | 23,981.1(20,644.1–30,114.3) | 25,904.1(21,679.4–34,155) | 0.008 |
Notes: aCRBD: mild = reported only upon direct inquiry, moderate = spontaneous complaints by the patient without behavioral responses (eg, pulling out the catheter, flailing limbs, or a loud vocal response), and severe = spontaneous complaints by the patient with behavioral response.
Abbreviations: CRBD, catheter-related bladder discomfort; IQR, interquartile range; NRS, numerical rating scale; POUR, postoperative urinary retention; TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.