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. 2022 Dec 2;64(12):1025–1035. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002630

TABLE 4.

Health-Related Metrics by Health Care Occupation: Unadjusted Prevalences and aPRs*, BRFSS 2017–2019

Fair or Poor Self-rated Health
% (95% CI)
aPR (95% CI)
Frequent Physical Distress
% (95% CI)
aPR (95% CI)
Frequent Mental Distress
% (95% CI)
aPR (95% CI)
Activity Limitations
% (95% CI)
aPR (95% CI)
Diagnosed
Depression
% (95% CI)
aPR (95% CI)
Insufficient Sleep†
% (95% CI)
aPR (95% CI)
Non–health care workers‡ 11.9 (11.6–12.3)
Ref
6.7 (6.5–6.9)
Ref
10.1 (9.8–10.4)
Ref
3.8 (3.6–4.0)
Ref
14.2 (13.9–14.6)
Ref
36.5 (35.7–37.3)
Ref
Health care industry workers§ 8.6 (8.0–9.3) 6.3 (5.8–7.0) 9.8 (9.1–10.4) 3.7 (3.2–4.2) 18.9 (18.0–19.8) 41.0 (39.0–43.1)
Health care occupation grouping∥ 0.76 (0.70–0.83) 0.90 (0.81–1.00) 0.88 (0.81–0.94) 0.91 (0.79–1.06) 1.11 (1.061.18) 1.13 (1.07–1.19)
Community and social service occupations 7.4 (5.3–10.0)
0.70 (0.52–0.95)
5.7 (3.8–8.2)
0.84 (0.58–1.22)
10.1 (6.6–14.5)
0.93 (0.63–1.37)
4.8 (2.6–8.1)
1.27(0.74–2.16)
27.3 (21.9–33.1)
1.65 (1.322.05)
36.5 (27.7–46.0)
1.03 (0.81–1.30)
 Counselors 9.1 (5.3–14.2)
0.83 (0.53–1.31)
7.0 (3.7–11.9)
1.04 (0.60–1.80)
NR NR 34.7 (25.3–45.1)
2.21 (1.623.02)
42.7 (27.3–59.1)
1.18 (0.83–1.68)
 Social workers 6.1 (3.7–9.5)
0.62 (0.40–0.96)
5.1 (2.6–8.9)
0.77 (0.43–1.36)
9.1 (5.4–14.2)
0.81 (0.51–1.30)
NR 20.5 (15.6–26.2)
1.14 (0.87–1.50)
32.0 (19.9–46.1)
0.94 (0.65–1.37)
Health care practitioners and technical occupations 5.1 (4.5–5.8)
0.49 (0.43–0.56)
5.1 (4.3–6.1)
0.75 (0.64–0.89)
7.7 (6.9–8.6)
0.72 (0.64–0.81)
2.5 (2.0–3.1)
0.64 (0.51–0.80)
17.9 (16.6–19.2)
1.05 (0.98–1.14)
41.5 (38.4–44.7)
1.16 (1.07–1.25)
Health diagnosing practitioners 3.3 (2.3–4.5)
0.33 (0.24–0.45)
2.5 (1.7–3.5)
0.38 (0.27–0.54)
5.0 (3.8–6.5)
0.57 (0.44–0.75)
1.4 (0.8–2.4)
0.40 (0.24–0.68)
12.6 (10.7–14.6)
0.91 (0.79–1.05)
35.1 (29.0–41.7)
0.99 (0.83–1.17)
 Physicians and surgeons 3.5 (2.4–5.0)
0.35 (0.25–0.50)
2.5 (1.7–3.5)
0.38 (0.22–0.54)
5.0 (3.4–7.0)
0.61 (0.43–0.86)
1.5 (0.8–2.7)
0.45 (0.26–0.79)
13.6 (10.9–16.5)
1.07 (0.89–1.29)
32.5 (25.5–40.1)
0.92 (0.74–1.14)
Health treating practitioners 5.0 (4.1–5.9)
0.48 (0.40–0.57)
5.2 (4.1–6.5)
0.74 (0.59–0.94)
8.1 (6.9–9.4)
0.72 (0.61–0.84)
2.8 (2.0–3.8)
0.71 (0.52–0.98)
18.6 (17.0–20.4)
1.03 (0.93–1.13)
44.5 (40.4–48.7)
1.25 (1.14–1.37)
 Physical therapists NR NR 2.6 (1.4–4.4)
0.24 (0.14–0.41)
NR 12.0 (6.8–19.2)
0.68 (0.42–1.10)
24.3 (14.6–36.4)
0.72 (0.47–1.10)
 Registered nurses 5.1 (4.2–6.1)
0.49 (0.41–0.59)
5.3 (4.1–6.7)
0.75 (0.59–0.97)
8.4 (7.0–10.0)
0.75 (0.63–0.89)
3.1 (2.2–4.3)
0.78 (0.56–1.09)
18.6 (16.9–20.4)
1.02 (0.93–1.13)
46.6 (42.0–51.2)
1.31 (1.19–1.44)
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians 7.3 (5.7–9.1)
0.70 (0.56–0.87)
7.7 (5.6–10.3)
1.16 (0.86–1.55)
9.5 (7.8–11.4)
0.84 (0.69–1.02)
2.7 (1.8–3.8)
0.67 (0.47–0.97)
21.3 (17.9–25.0)
1.24 (1.041.48)
41.8 (34.1–49.7)
1.15 (0.96–1.38)
 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 9.8 (5.6–15.8)
0.81 (0.48–1.37)
16.7 (8.9–27.5)
0.90 (0.51–1.59)
48.9 (21.8–76.4)
1.34 (0.76–2.35)
 Health practitioner support technologists and technicians NR NR 14.5 (8.4–22.8)
1.20 (0.76–1.90)
NR 29.7 (18.5–42.9)
1.77 (1.142.76)
51.5 (30.7–71.9)
1.40 (0.95–2.07)
 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 7.5 (4.1–12.3)
0.67 (0.40–1.12)
NR 9.0 (5.7–13.3)
0.76 (0.50–1.15)
NR 23.6 (17.5–30.6)
1.32 (1.011.71)
43.3 (30.8–56.4)
1.15 (0.86–1.55)
 Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians (other) 9.4 (5.2–15.2)
0.92 (0.51–1.47)
12.9 (6.6–22.0)
2.01 (1.17–3.44)
14.1 (7.9–22.5)
1.44 (0.89–2.34)
NR 18.9 (9.5–32.0)
1.29 (0.73–2.28)
34.5 (19.1–52.8)
0.93 (0.57–1.51)
Health care support occupations 14.5 (12.6–16.5)
1.17 (1.021.34)
8.3 (6.8–9.9)
1.14 (0.94–1.38)
15.6 (13.6–17.7)
1.18 (1.021.35)
6.5 (5.1–8.2)
1.46 (1.141.86)
21.5 (19.3–23.8)
1.16 (1.041.29)
46.5 (42.0–51.0)
1.22 (1.10–1.35)
 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides 16.8 (14.3–19.5)
1.31 (1.121.54)
9.4 (7.4–11.7)
1.26 (1.001.59)
16.8 (14.1–19.8)
1.29 (1.091.53)
7.3 (5.4–9.7)
1.62 (1.202.18)
22.0 (19.1–25.1)
1.22 (1.061.40)
47.7 (41.8–53.6)
1.22 (1.07–1.40)
 Dental assistants NR NR 13.3 (7.7–20.9)
0.97 (0.59–1.59)
NR 20.5 (13.7–28.8)
0.99 (0.68–1.43)
33.9 (18.3–52.6)
0.97 (0.61–1.54)
 Medical assistants 10.8 (7.2–15.4)
0.90 (0.63–1.30)
6.7 (4.2–10.1)
0.98 (0.65–1.47)
14.9 (11.2–19.2)
1.08 (0.82–1.44)
5.3 (3.0–8.6)
1.21 (0.73–2.01)
21.1 (16.7–26.2)
1.08 (0.86–1.36)
51.1 (41.0–61.2)
1.40 (1.15–1.71)
 Phlebotomists 18.1 (9.1–30.6)
1.52 (0.86–2.70)
NR 10.3 (5.3–17.6)
0.73 (0.42–1.29)
NR 26.9 (16.5–39.5)
1.44 (0.93–2.23)
56.2 (37.8–73.4)
1.44 (1.02–2.04)
Food preparation and serving 18.8 (12.4–26.7)
1.43 (0.97–2.11)
12.7 (7.7–19.4)
1.72 (1.112.66)
11.7 (7.6–17.0)
0.99 (0.67–1.47)
NR 16.2 (11.3–22.1)
0.98 (0.69–1.39)
53.4 (39.067.4)
1.37 (1.03–1.82)
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 22.1 (14.4–31.6)
1.70 (1.132.55)
9.9 (5.4–16.2)
1.38 (0.82–2.31)
10.1 (6.2–15.3)
0.94 (0.62–1.44)
NR 14.3 (9.7–20.1)
0.99 (0.69–1.39)
36.5 (23.8–50.6)
0.96 (0.67–1.38)
 Janitors and building cleaners 23.5 (11.5–39.7)
1.84 (0.99–3.41)
NR NR NR 11.1 (5.8–18.7)
0.80 (0.48–1.34)
29.2 (14.1–48.8)
0.75 (0.43–1.33)
 Maids and housekeeping cleaners 20.8 (12.6–31.1)
1.55 (0.98–2.46)
NR 10.6 (5.9–17.3)
0.96 (0.58–1.59)
NR 18.5 (10.7–28.8)
1.21 (0.75–1.93)
47.5 (29.7–65.8)
1.28 (0.87–1.88)
Personal care and service occupations 22.7 (16.5–30.0)
1.53 (1.221.98)
10.0 (6.1–15.4)
1.35 (0.88–2.07)
18.2 (13.8–23.3)
1.57 (1.232.01)
7.5 (4.3–12.1)
1.73 (1.062.82)
30.8 (24.9–37.2)
1.87 (1.552.25)
47.7 (37.0–58.7)
1.35 (1.11–1.65)
 Personal care aides 22.6 (16.0–30.5)
1.48 (1.161.89)
10.0 (5.8–15.9)
1.35 (0.85–2.15)
18.6 (13.8–24.3)
1.60 (1.232.08)
7.8 (4.3–12.9)
1.80 (1.083.00)
32.3 (25.8–39.3)
1.96 (1.622.38)
48.6 (37.2–60.1)
1.39 (1.13–1.70)
Office and administrative support occupations 9.2 (7.2–11.5)
0.76 (0.61–0.94)
5.5 (3.9–7.4)
0.69 (0.51–0.93)
9.9 (7.9–12.2)
0.84 (0.68–1.04)
3.6 (2.2–5.4)
0.74 (0.49–1.12)
20.9 (17.9–24.2)
1.13 (0.97–1.33)
31.6 (26.0–37.6)
0.87 (0.72–1.05)
Trades¶ 15.8 (10.0–23.3)
1.24 (0.86–1.79)
14.3 (8.8–21.5)
2.00 (1.303.05)
9.7 (5.3–15.9)
1.05 (0.63–1.74)
5.2 (2.9–8.6)
1.43 (0.87–2.35)
10.8 (6.6–16.4)
0.89 (0.58–1.35)
51.1 (38.2–63.9)
1.40 (1.10–1.78)

Italics indicate statistically significantly elevated aPR. Heavier shading indicates broader occupational grouping.

aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; NR, not reported because relative standard error of estimates is >30%; Ref, reference group.

*Adjusted prevalences given for non–health care workers. For each health care occupation, the unadjusted prevalence is given for each condition, followed by the aPR comparing adjusted prevalence in that occupation to the adjusted prevalence for non–health care workers. Results are adjusted for age (18–34, 35–54, ≥55 years), sex (male, female), and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic African American, non-Hispanic other, Hispanic).

†Elicited only in 2018 BRFSS questionnaire.

‡Respondents with census industry codes (0170-7890 or 8290-9500) and census occupation not in (3000–3655).

§Respondents with census industry codes 7970 to 8270.

∥Within health care industry, includes health care occupational groups with at least three reportable mental health related outcomes.

¶Construction, extraction, maintenance, production, and transportation and materials moving industries.