Table 1.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients based on survival to pediatric intensive care unit discharge
| Characteristics and Outcomes | All (n=55)a | Survived to PICU Discharge (n=51) | Died prior to PICU Discharge (n=4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | |||
| ≥ 29 days and < 2 years | 5 (9) | 5 (10) | 0 (0) |
| ≥ 2 and < 12 years | 16 (29) | 13 (26) | 3 (75) |
| ≥ 12 and < 18 years | 20 (37) | 19 (37) | 1 (25) |
| ≥ 18 years | 14 (25) | 14 (27) | 0 (0) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 29 (53) | 28 (55) | 1 (25) |
| Patient origin, n (%) | |||
| Home or Emergency Department | 5 (9) | 5 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Transfer from In-Patient Floor | 48 (87) | 45 (88) | 3 (75) |
| Inpatient Procedure Suite/Procedure Room | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Transfer from another PICU | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) |
| Severity of illness scores, median (IQR) | |||
| PIM-3 percent risk of mortality (%) | 5.0 (3.9, 6.8) | 5.0 (3.9, 6.8) | 5.8 (3.7, 7.2) |
| PRISM-III percent risk of mortality (%) | 5.3 (1.6, 9.6) | 5.3 (1.7, 9.6) | 10.6 (1.0, 20.7) |
| Temperature > 38.3°C at time of PICU admission, n (%)b | 35 (64) | 33 (65) | 2 (50) |
| Documented or suspected infection, n (%)c | 22 (40) | 20 (39) | 2 (50) |
| Maximal respiratory support, n (%) | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilationc | 12 (22) | 9 (18) | 3 (75) |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 7 (13) | 7 (14) | 0 (0) |
| High flow nasal canula | 4 (7) | 3 (6) | 1 (25) |
| None or Supplemental oxygen | 32 (58) | 32 (62) | 0 (0) |
| Duration of invasive ventilation (days), median (IQR) | 3.9 (2.6, 5.7) | 4.7 (3.5, 6.5) | 2.2 (2.1, 2.5) |
| Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Interventions | |||
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Arterial catheter placement, n (%) | 14 (25) | 11 (22) | 3 (75) |
| Hemodialysis or plasmapheresis catheter placement, n (%) | 7 (13) | 6 (12) | 1 (25) |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy, n (%)e | 4/52 (8) | 2/48 (4) | 2/4 (50) |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, n (%)e | 3/40 (8) | 1/37 (3) | 2/3 (67) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) |
| Intracranial catheter placement, n (%)e, f | 1/47 (2) | 1/44 (2) | 0/3 (0) |
| PICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 3.1 (1.5, 8.0) | 3.0 (1.4, 7.8) | 7.2 (2.9, 14.7) |
| Survived to hospital discharge, n (%) | 48 (87) | 48 (94) | 0 (0) |
Oncologic diagnoses were ALL (n=54) or unclassified leukemia (n=1).
Highest temperature extracted from data available between 2 hours prior to PICU admission and 4 hours after PICU admission.
Patients with a documented or suspected infection had an infectious diagnosis or a diagnosis of sepsis. 20/22 were present on admission and 2 developed during the PICU stay.
No patients supported with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
When procedure data were not reported for entire cohort, denominator represents patients for whom each procedure was reported.
One patient underwent intracranial catheter placement, which represented either an ICP monitor, external ventricular drain, or a brain tissue oxygen monitor (not otherwise specified in the data).
PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range.