Table 1.
Distribution of stunting, wasting, and underweight by categories of selected variables among children aged 0–23 months in Ethiopia, EMDHS 2019.
| Characteristics | Total Weight Freq. N (%) | Prevalence of Stunting, n (%) | Prevalence of Wasting, n (%) | Prevalence of Underweight, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child-related factors | ||||
| Age (months) | ||||
| < 6 | 561 (26.1) | 89 (16.0) | 48 (30.2) | 52 (15.3) |
| 6–11 | 517 (24.1) | 132 (23.6) | 31 (19.4) | 86 (25.3) |
| 12–17 | 583 (27.2) | 170 (30.5) | 49 (30.5) | 119 (34.9) |
| 18–23 | 484 (22.6) | 167 (29.9) | 31 (19.8) | 84 (24.6) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1,021 (50.5) | 316 (58.3) | 101 (64.4) | 204 (61.4) |
| Female | 1,001 (49.5) | 226 (41.7) | 56 (35.6) | 128 (38.6) |
| Number of under-five children | ||||
| 1 | 806 (39.9) | 195 (36.1) | 46 (29.8) | 118 (35.5) |
| 2+ | 1,216 (60.1) | 346 (63.9) | 110 (70.2) | 214 (64.5) |
| Birth order | ||||
| 1 | 468 (23.1) | 123 (22.8) | 14 (8.9) | 63 (19.1) |
| 2 | 421 (20.8) | 110 (20.4) | 32 (20.9) | 65 (29.7) |
| 3 | 285 (14.1) | 77 (14.3) | 22 (14.4) | 42 (12.7) |
| 4 | 230 (11.4) | 59 (10.8) | 16 (10.4) | 38 (11.5) |
| 5+ | 616 (30.5) | 171 (31.6) | 71 (45.3) | 128 (36.9) |
| Birth interval (n = 1,513) | ||||
| < 24 months | 277 (17.9) | 84 (21.4) | 25 (17.5) | 53 (19.7) |
| ≥ 24 months | 1,270 (82.1) | 327 (79.6) | 118 (82.5) | 215 (80.3) |
| Vitamin A in last 6 months (n = 1,991) | ||||
| Yes | 1,324 (66.5) | 340 (63.7) | 122 (79.3) | 219 (67.1) |
| No | 667 (33.5) | 194 (36.3) | 32 (20.6) | 107 (32.9) |
| Currently breastfeeding | ||||
| Yes | 1,739 (86.0) | 457 (84.4) | 130 (83.3) | 272 (81.8) |
| No | 283 (14.0) | 84 (15.6) | 26 (16.7) | 60 (18.2) |
| Minimum meal frequency | ||||
| Yes | 1,006 (46.8) | 285 (51.1) | 51 (41.5) | 154 (45.0) |
| No | 1,141 (53.2) | 273 (48.9) | 110 (68.5) | 188 (55.0) |
| Minimum dietary diversity | ||||
| Yes | 205 (10.2) | 53 (9.8) | 7 (4.4) | 28 (8.4) |
| No | 1,817 (89.8) | 489 (90.2) | 150 (95.6) | 304 (91.6) |
| Maternal factors | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| < 20 | 159 (7.9) | 54 (10.1) | 8 (5.1) | 40 (12.1) |
| 20–34 | 1,486 (73.5) | 400 (73.9) | 111 (71.1) | 216 (65.1) |
| 35–49 | 377 (18.6) | 86 (16.0) | 37 (23.8) | 76 (22.8) |
| Educational level | ||||
| No education | 937 (46.3) | 286 (52.9) | 93 (59.6) | 189 (56.8) |
| Primary | 805 (39.8) | 212 (39.3) | 51 (32.5) | 130 (39.1) |
| Secondary | 179 (8.8) | 28 (5.2) | 10 (6.5) | 9 (2.7) |
| Higher | 101 (5.0) | 14 (2.6) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (1.4) |
| ANC visit | ||||
| No ANC | 499 (25.3) | 137 (26.2) | 53 (35.8) | 100 (31.2) |
| 1–3 | 598 (30.3) | 149 (28.5) | 53 (35.9) | 111 (34.7) |
| 4+ | 877 (44.4) | 237 (45.3) | 42 (28.3) | 109 (34.1) |
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Home | 897 (44.9) | 266 (49.3) | 89 (57.3) | 184 (55.4) |
| Health facility | 1,099 (55.1) | 274 (50.1) | 67 (42.6) | 148 (44.6) |
| Household-level factors | ||||
| Household size | ||||
| 1–4 | 675 (33.4) | 168 (31.0) | 32 (20.8) | 103 (31.1) |
| 5+ | 1,347 (66.6) | 373 (69.0) | 124 (79.2) | 229 (68.9) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 435 (21.5) | 121 (22.3) | 50 (32.2) | 95 (28.6) |
| Poorer | 434 (21.5) | 125 (23.0) | 37 (23.9) | 76 (20.9) |
| Middle | 378 (18.7) | 125 (23.1) | 16 (10.4) | 63 (18.9) |
| Richer | 344 (17.0) | 99 (18.3) | 29 (19.0) | 58 (17.5) |
| Richest | 429 (21.2) | 72 (13.2) | 22 (14.4) | 40 (12.1) |
| Toilet facility | ||||
| Improved | 337 (17.0) | 63 (12.0) | 23 (14.5) | 53 (16.1) |
| Unimproved | 1,048 (52.8) | 193 (36.4) | 68 (44.1) | 148 (44.9) |
| Open defecation | 600 (30.2) | 273 (51.6) | 65 (41.4) | 128 (38.9) |
| Source of drinking water | ||||
| Improved | 1,282 (64.1) | 351 (65.8) | 108 (69.5) | 207 (62.9) |
| Surface water | 314 (15.7) | 69 (12.9) | 26 (16.8) | 63 (19.1) |
| Unimproved | 405 (20.2) | 114 (21.3) | 21 (13.7) | 59 (18.0) |
| Community-level factors | ||||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 543 (26.9) | 105 (19.6) | 37 (23.8) | 82 (24.9) |
| Rural | 1,478 (73.1) | 436 (80.4) | 119 (76.2) | 249 (75.1) |
| Region | ||||
| Tigray | 149 (7.4) | 46 (8.5) | 20 (12.8) | 39 (11.8) |
| Afar | 31 (1.5) | 9 (1.7) | 5 (2.9) | 7 (2.0) |
| Amhara | 414 (20.5) | 152 (28.0) | 37 (23.7) | 110 (33.3) |
| Oromia | 786 (38.9) | 189 (34.9) | 41 (26.3) | 78 (23.6) |
| Somali | 124 (6.2) | 20 (3.7) | 20 (13.1) | 21 (6.4) |
| Benishangul | 23 (1.2) | 7 (1.3) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (1.6) |
| SNNP | 404 (20.0) | 107 (19.8) | 28 (17.9) | 65 (19.5) |
| Gambela | 9 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (1.1) | 1.8 (0.5) |
| Harari | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) |
| Addis Ababa | 61 (3.0) | 6 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) |
| Dire Dawa | 12 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |