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. 2022 Dec 5;12:21038. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25013-8

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of regular and irregular waveforms for the mapping algorithm. (a) Shows a regular waveform corresponding to an area on the painting where the layers were homogeneous and no irregularities were present. (b) Shows an example of an irregular waveform, where layer detachment is denoted by the two peaks located between 20–30 ps. As peak 2 has an amplitude greater than 80% of peak 1, the algorithm saved the coordinates of this waveform.