Table 2.
Pooled estimates and their 95% CI of awareness about e-cigarette, ever and current e-cigarette use, and ‘dual use’ among the youth by their age, sex, and contextual factors (WHO regions, World Bank taxonomy, and regulatory policy status).
| Awareness | Ever use | Current use | Dual use | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P (%) | 95% CI | P (%) | 95% CI | P (%) | 95% CI | P (%) | 95% CI | |
| Total | 56.7 | [55.2,58.2] | 20.2 | [19.2,21.3] | 10.9 | [10.3,11.6] | 4.6 | [4.1,5.1] |
| Age | ||||||||
| ≤ 11 years* | 53.2 | [47.7,58.7] | 25 | [19.9,31.0] | 17.6 | [13.6,22.5] | 10.3 | [7.1,14.8] |
| 12 years | 49.9 | [46.9,53.0] | 16.1 | [13.9,18.6] | 8.7 | [7.2,10.5] | 3.0 | [2.2,4.0] |
| 13 years | 52.4 | [50.0,54.8] | 16.1 | [14.7,17.7] | 8.3 | [7.5,9.2] | 3.1 | [2.6,3.7] |
| 14 years | 57.0 | [55.0,58.9] | 19.9 | [18.4,21.6] | 10.8 | [9.9,11.8] | 4.4 | [3.8,5.2] |
| 15 years | 57.6 | [55.4,59.8] | 21.7 | [20.3,23.3] | 11.1 | [10.2,12.1] | 4.6 | [4.1,5.3] |
| 16 years | 63.3 | [60.6,65.9] | 24.9 | [23.2,26.8] | 14.2 | [12.7,15.7] | 6.6 | [5.7,7.5] |
| ≥ 17 years* | 63.8 | [60.3,67.1] | 24.8 | [22.8,27.0] | 14.6 | [12.9,16.4] | 7.3 | [5.8,9.2] |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 61.5 | [59.9,63.1] | 28.5 | [26.8,30.3] | 16 | [14.8,17.3] | 7.6 | [6.7,8.7] |
| Female | 51.9 | [50.1,53.6] | 11.8 | [10.8,12.8] | 5.6 | [5.2,6.1] | 1.6 | [1.4,1.8] |
| WHO regions (number of countries) | ||||||||
| AFR (6) | 19.1 | [16.9,21.5] | 8.8 | [6.4,12.0] | 5.7 | [4.4,7.5] | 1.4 | [1.0,2.0] |
| AMR (21) | 58.1 | [55.4,60.8] | 18.7 | [16.6,21.0] | 8.2 | [7.4,9.1] | 2.8 | [2.5,3.1] |
| EMR (8) | 46.4 | [43.8,49.0] | 14.3 | [12.4,16.3] | 8.2 | [7.1,9.5] | 2.2 | [1.6,3.2] |
| SEAR (3) | 66.9 | [64.4,69.3] | 20.5 | [18.7,22.5] | 12.9 | [11.7,14.3] | 7.6 | [6.7,8.5] |
| WPR (14) | 38.2 | [34.7,41.8] | 15.3 | [13.5,17.2] | 4.4 | [3.9,4.9] | 0.2 | [0.2,0.3] |
| EUR (23) | 74.6 | [72.1,76.9] | 34.5 | [32.5,36.5] | 15.5 | [14.4,16.6] | 6.7 | [6.0,7.3] |
| World Bank taxonomy (number of countries) | ||||||||
| Low (1) | 16.3 | [11.3,22.9] | – | – | 1.2 | [0.8,1.9] | 0.4 | [0.2,0.8] |
| Lower Middle (12) | 40.6 | [38.6,42.7] | 16.5 | [15.3,17.8] | 7.6 | [6.9,8.3] | 1.3 | [1.1,1.5] |
| Upper Middle (32) | 64.0 | [62.1,65.9] | 19.4 | [18.0,20.9] | 11.2 | [10.3,12.2] | 5.8 | [5.1,6.5] |
| High (20) | 83.6 | [82.3,84.8] | 39.4 | [37.0,41.8] | 18.5 | [17.2,20.0] | 9.0 | [8.0,10.0] |
| E-cigarette regulatory policy status (number of countries) | ||||||||
| NRP (23) | 46.2 | [43.1,49.4] | 13.2 | [10.9,15.9] | 6.8 | [6.0,7.7] | 1.6 | [1.3,1.9] |
| LRP (9) | 48.5 | [44.7,52.4] | 19.9 | [17.6,22.5] | 15.4 | [13.4,17.5] | 3.1 | [2.3,4.0] |
| RP ((28) | 65.2 | [63.0,67.4] | 22.4 | [21.0,23.8] | 13.4 | [12.4,14.5] | 6.9 | [6.2,7.6] |
| MRP (15) | 47.5 | [42.1,53.0] | 17.2 | [14.9,19.8] | 5.6 | [4.6,6.7] | 2.4 | [1.9,2.9] |
All bivariate comparisons were statistically significant p < 0.001 by Chi-square statistic. *GYTS questionnaire did not collect exact age of those aged ≤ 11 years and ≥ 17 years.